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MRSO 2 > Facilities and Cryogens > Flashcards

Facilities and Cryogens Flashcards

1
Q

The MR operator should have a direct line of sight of which of the following at all times while sitting at the operator’s console:

The patient call button and the entrance to zone 4

The patient paperwork and ECG

The patient and the entrance to zone 4

Waiting patients and patient on the table

A

The patient and the entrance to zone 4

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2
Q

During a quench, a cloud or fog can be seen in the scan room. What causes this fog?

Helium gas looks cloudy

Frozen water vapor in room air

An interaction between helium and the ceiling

A

Frozen water vapor in room air

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3
Q

An appropriate placement of a ferromagnetic detection system would be in Zone III, approaching Zone IV. True or False?

True

False

A

True

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4
Q

Which option listed is NOT a possible risk associated with a quench?

Asphyxia

Pressure entrapment

Hypothermia

Fire

Electrocution

A

Electrocution

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5
Q

The cryogen of choice is usually _________, which cools the windings to 4.2 degrees Kelvin in order to maintain superconductivity within solenoid electromagnets.

Liquid nitrogen

Liquid hydrogen

Liquid helium

Liquid gadolinium

Water

A

Liquid helium

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6
Q

MRI systems limit or “throttle” maximum allowable SAR to lower maximum allowable value when ambient room temperature exceeds 24°C (75°F). True or False?

True

False

A

True

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7
Q

Ice/frost on the cryostat is normal. True or False?

True

False

A

False

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8
Q

Helium is colorless, odorless, and heavier than air. True or False?

True

False

A

False

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9
Q

What is NOT true in regards to a quench?

There may be some cryogens left in the cryostat after a quench.

There will be an instant, temporary increase in the magnetic field until it begins to gradually decline because of a rise in resistance.

If a patient comes into direct contact with cryogens after a quench, frostbite can occur.

A quench can be triggered manually, or can occur spontaneous due to a range of mechanical or environmental factors.

A

There will be an instant, temporary increase in the magnetic field until it begins to gradually decline because of a rise in resistance.

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10
Q

The purpose of shielding the magnet is:

Make the magnetic field stronger and more homogeneous

Decrease the size of the fringe field

Allow staff to bring metallic objects closer to the magnet

Surprise staff as they walk into the room with scissors

A

Decrease the size of the fringe field

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11
Q

After a quench, the cryogen vent system should be inspected for damage. True or False?

True

False

A

True

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12
Q

If the magnet quenches during a scan, the most important thing is to vent the room properly to allow the helium to escape. True or False?

True

False

A

False

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13
Q

System SAR monitoring DOES take into account the ambient room temperature and humidity. True or False?

True

False

A

True

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method of screening a patient prior to entering zone 4?

Surgical history questionnaire

Additional x-ray images

Patient’s prior scans and reports

Referring diagnosis

Patient interview

A

Referring diagnosis

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15
Q

The ACR recommends an access-controlled door into ___________ by way of locked door with a keyed entry, including passcodes or proximity badges.

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

A

Zone 3

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16
Q

The volume of helium does not change when it changes from a liquid to a gas. True or False?

True

False

A

False

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17
Q

Cryogen vent systems should be inspected at least annually. True or False?

True

False

A

True

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18
Q

In order to maintain superconductivity, __________ are used to reduce resistance to as low as possible and achieve field strengths higher than 0.6T.

Body coils

Cryogens

Gadolinium contrast agents

Niobium titanium wire loops

Spatial gradients

A

Cryogens

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19
Q

The liquid to gas expansion ratio for helium is:

1:1

Too large to measure

1:50

1:754

A

1:754

20
Q

Patient transport brings a patient from the floor to the MRI department. Because all hospital personnel have completed Level I MRI safety training, what MRI safety zones is the transporter permitted to enter?

Only Zones 1 and 2

None, since they do not work in the MRI department

All Zones, however they may not be responsible for the patient in Zone 4

They must stop at Zone 4

A

All Zones, however they may not be responsible for the patient in Zone 4

21
Q

The external cryogen discharge point is classified as a part of ________ and, if freely accessed by a member of a Non-MR personnel group, could result in death.

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

A

Zone 3

22
Q

Which zone acts as the interface between areas where the public are freely allowed and where patients are carefully screened and gowned?

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

A

Zone 2

23
Q

Which zone is defined as “an area with direct exposure to a magnetic field?”

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

A

Zone 4

24
Q

The benefit of shielding the magnet is that the size of the fringe field has been decrease and is easier to contain in a smaller scan room. True or False?

True

False

A

True

25
Q

Which of the following job titles could NOT be members of Level 1 MR personnel?

clerical staff

cleaning staff

radiologist

technologist assistant

A

radiologist

26
Q

Only serious MRI safety incidents should be reported to the site medical director. True or False?

True

False

A

False

27
Q

Conventional metal detectors are not recommended for use in the MRI environment. True or False?

True

False

A

True

28
Q

his personnel group is described as “Individuals who have received and passed minimal safety training requirements to ensure their safety while working in Zone 3 areas and cannot supervise or be responsible for the safety of others within zone 4” is:

Non-MR Personnel

Level 1 MR Personnel

Level 2 MR Personnel

Level 1 Clerical Personnel

A

Level 1 MR Personnel

29
Q

All are possible job titles that could be members of the personnel 2 group EXCEPT:

clerical staff member

technologist

radiologist

technologist assistant

A

clerical staff member

30
Q

Ferromagnetic detection should be used in conjunction with the thorough screening of persons and devices approaching Zone 4. True or False?

True

False

A

True

31
Q

A ferromagnetic detection system can replace conventional screening for non-responsive MRI patients. True or False?

True

False

A

False

32
Q

What is true of a quench?

The magnetic field rises temporarily, before falling after a quench.

A quench is not possible as long as the patient is out of the scanner.

A quench may happen silently so the operator is unaware.

There may be some cryogens that remain within the cryostat after a quench.

A

There may be some cryogens that remain within the cryostat after a quench.

33
Q

For improved safety, ferromagnetic detection system should be used in Zone II. True or False?

True

False

A

False

34
Q

Frost/ice on the cryostat means that:

Cryogens are keeping the system cold, nothing to worry about

The room is too humid and needs dehumidified

The cryostat vacuum seal may not be intact and service should be contacted

The magnet is too cold

A

The cryostat vacuum seal may not be intact and service should be contacted

35
Q

In Zone 4, Level 1 MR personnel can be responsible for:

Screened patients

Only themselves

Radiologists

Other staff members

A

Only themselves

36
Q

Conventional metal detectors are an acceptable screening tool in the MR environment. True or False?

True

False

A

False

37
Q

Which zone is classified as an area that has direct access to the magnet, magnetic field, or cryogen discharge points?

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

A

Zone 3

38
Q

Reporting safety incidents is an important component to quality improvement efforts. True or False?

True

False

A

True

39
Q

An MR conditional code cart should be kept in Zone 4 so that patients can be treated quickly in the event of a code. True or False?

True

False

A

False

40
Q

The strength of the handheld magnet used to test objects in the MR environment is:

At least as strong as a refrigerator magnet

At least 1,000 Gauss

The strongest magnet you can afford

Handheld magnets should not be used to test objects, we should rely on the MR labeling

A

At least 1,000 Gauss

41
Q

All safety incidents in MRI site should be reported to the medical director as soon as possible. True or False?

True

False

A

True

42
Q

During a quench, helium gas is ______ than air, so it is important to stay ________________.

heavier/standing upright

the same density/outside the scan room

lighter/low to the floor

hotter/hydrated

A

lighter/low to the floor

43
Q

The properties of gaseous helium include all of the following, except:

Lighter than air

Colorless

Heavier than air

Odorless

A

Heavier than air

44
Q

Which zone is classified as an area freely accessible to persons with no direct involvement with MRI?

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

A

Zone 1

45
Q

According to the ACR, which of the following is an appropriate security method to the entry doors separating secured zones in an MRI department?

A locked door with keypad entry or proximity badge access

An unmanned, unlocked door with a sign on it that reads “Do not enter unless accompanied by Level 2 MR Personnel””

A locked door with a padlock

A member of Level 2 MR Personnel guarding the entrance

A

A locked door with keypad entry or proximity badge access

46
Q

In Zone 4, members of Level 2 MR Personnel can be responsible for all of the following, EXCEPT:

Patients

Accompanying visitors

Clerical staff

Radiologists

A

Radiologists

MRSO 2 (17 decks)

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