Facilities and Cryogens

Question 1

The MR operator should have a direct line of sight of which of the following at all times while sitting at the operator’s console:

The patient call button and the entrance to zone 4

The patient paperwork and ECG

The patient and the entrance to zone 4

Waiting patients and patient on the table

Answer 1

The patient and the entrance to zone 4

Question 2

During a quench, a cloud or fog can be seen in the scan room. What causes this fog?

Helium gas looks cloudy

Frozen water vapor in room air

An interaction between helium and the ceiling

Answer 2

Frozen water vapor in room air

Question 3

An appropriate placement of a ferromagnetic detection system would be in Zone III, approaching Zone IV. True or False?

True

False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which option listed is NOT a possible risk associated with a quench?

Asphyxia

Pressure entrapment

Hypothermia

Fire

Electrocution

Answer 4

Electrocution

Question 5

The cryogen of choice is usually _________, which cools the windings to 4.2 degrees Kelvin in order to maintain superconductivity within solenoid electromagnets.

Liquid nitrogen

Liquid hydrogen

Liquid helium

Liquid gadolinium

Water

Answer 5

Liquid helium

Question 6

MRI systems limit or “throttle” maximum allowable SAR to lower maximum allowable value when ambient room temperature exceeds 24°C (75°F). True or False?

True

False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Ice/frost on the cryostat is normal. True or False?

True

False

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Helium is colorless, odorless, and heavier than air. True or False?

True

False

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is NOT true in regards to a quench?

There may be some cryogens left in the cryostat after a quench.

There will be an instant, temporary increase in the magnetic field until it begins to gradually decline because of a rise in resistance.

If a patient comes into direct contact with cryogens after a quench, frostbite can occur.

A quench can be triggered manually, or can occur spontaneous due to a range of mechanical or environmental factors.

Answer 9

There will be an instant, temporary increase in the magnetic field until it begins to gradually decline because of a rise in resistance.

Question 10

The purpose of shielding the magnet is:

Make the magnetic field stronger and more homogeneous

Decrease the size of the fringe field

Allow staff to bring metallic objects closer to the magnet

Surprise staff as they walk into the room with scissors

Answer 10

Decrease the size of the fringe field

Question 11

After a quench, the cryogen vent system should be inspected for damage. True or False?

True

False

Answer 11

True

Question 12

If the magnet quenches during a scan, the most important thing is to vent the room properly to allow the helium to escape. True or False?

True

False

Answer 12

False

Question 13

System SAR monitoring DOES take into account the ambient room temperature and humidity. True or False?

True

False

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method of screening a patient prior to entering zone 4?

Surgical history questionnaire

Additional x-ray images

Patient’s prior scans and reports

Referring diagnosis

Patient interview

Answer 14

Referring diagnosis

Question 15

The ACR recommends an access-controlled door into ___________ by way of locked door with a keyed entry, including passcodes or proximity badges.

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

Answer 15

Zone 3

Question 16

The volume of helium does not change when it changes from a liquid to a gas. True or False?

True

False

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Cryogen vent systems should be inspected at least annually. True or False?

True

False

Answer 17

True

Question 18

In order to maintain superconductivity, __________ are used to reduce resistance to as low as possible and achieve field strengths higher than 0.6T.

Body coils

Cryogens

Gadolinium contrast agents

Niobium titanium wire loops

Spatial gradients

Answer 18

Cryogens

Question 19

The liquid to gas expansion ratio for helium is:

1:1

Too large to measure

1:50

1:754

Answer 19

1:754

Question 20

Patient transport brings a patient from the floor to the MRI department. Because all hospital personnel have completed Level I MRI safety training, what MRI safety zones is the transporter permitted to enter?

Only Zones 1 and 2

None, since they do not work in the MRI department

All Zones, however they may not be responsible for the patient in Zone 4

They must stop at Zone 4

Answer 20

All Zones, however they may not be responsible for the patient in Zone 4

Question 21

The external cryogen discharge point is classified as a part of ________ and, if freely accessed by a member of a Non-MR personnel group, could result in death.

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

Answer 21

Zone 3

Question 22

Which zone acts as the interface between areas where the public are freely allowed and where patients are carefully screened and gowned?

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

Answer 22

Zone 2

Question 23

Which zone is defined as “an area with direct exposure to a magnetic field?”

Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

Zone 4

Answer 23

Zone 4

Question 24

The benefit of shielding the magnet is that the size of the fringe field has been decrease and is easier to contain in a smaller scan room. True or False?

True

False

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Which of the following job titles could NOT be members of Level 1 MR personnel? clerical staff cleaning staff radiologist technologist assistant

Answer 25

radiologist

Question 26

Only serious MRI safety incidents should be reported to the site medical director. True or False? True False

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Conventional metal detectors are not recommended for use in the MRI environment. True or False? True False

Answer 27

True

Question 28

his personnel group is described as “Individuals who have received and passed minimal safety training requirements to ensure their safety while working in Zone 3 areas and cannot supervise or be responsible for the safety of others within zone 4” is: Non-MR Personnel Level 1 MR Personnel Level 2 MR Personnel Level 1 Clerical Personnel

Answer 28

Level 1 MR Personnel

Question 29

All are possible job titles that could be members of the personnel 2 group EXCEPT: clerical staff member technologist radiologist technologist assistant

Answer 29

clerical staff member

Question 30

Ferromagnetic detection should be used in conjunction with the thorough screening of persons and devices approaching Zone 4. True or False? True False

Answer 30

True

Question 31

A ferromagnetic detection system can replace conventional screening for non-responsive MRI patients. True or False? True False

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is true of a quench? The magnetic field rises temporarily, before falling after a quench. A quench is not possible as long as the patient is out of the scanner. A quench may happen silently so the operator is unaware. There may be some cryogens that remain within the cryostat after a quench.

Answer 32

There may be some cryogens that remain within the cryostat after a quench.

Question 33

For improved safety, ferromagnetic detection system should be used in Zone II. True or False? True False

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Frost/ice on the cryostat means that: Cryogens are keeping the system cold, nothing to worry about The room is too humid and needs dehumidified The cryostat vacuum seal may not be intact and service should be contacted The magnet is too cold

Answer 34

The cryostat vacuum seal may not be intact and service should be contacted

Question 35

In Zone 4, Level 1 MR personnel can be responsible for: Screened patients Only themselves Radiologists Other staff members

Answer 35

Only themselves

Question 36

Conventional metal detectors are an acceptable screening tool in the MR environment. True or False? True False

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Which zone is classified as an area that has direct access to the magnet, magnetic field, or cryogen discharge points? Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

Answer 37

Zone 3

Question 38

Reporting safety incidents is an important component to quality improvement efforts. True or False? True False

Answer 38

True

Question 39

An MR conditional code cart should be kept in Zone 4 so that patients can be treated quickly in the event of a code. True or False? True False

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The strength of the handheld magnet used to test objects in the MR environment is: At least as strong as a refrigerator magnet At least 1,000 Gauss The strongest magnet you can afford Handheld magnets should not be used to test objects, we should rely on the MR labeling

Answer 40

At least 1,000 Gauss

Question 41

All safety incidents in MRI site should be reported to the medical director as soon as possible. True or False? True False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

During a quench, helium gas is ______ than air, so it is important to stay ________________. heavier/standing upright the same density/outside the scan room lighter/low to the floor hotter/hydrated

Answer 42

lighter/low to the floor

Question 43

The properties of gaseous helium include all of the following, except: Lighter than air Colorless Heavier than air Odorless

Answer 43

Heavier than air

Question 44

Which zone is classified as an area freely accessible to persons with no direct involvement with MRI? Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4

Answer 44

Zone 1

Question 45

According to the ACR, which of the following is an appropriate security method to the entry doors separating secured zones in an MRI department? A locked door with keypad entry or proximity badge access An unmanned, unlocked door with a sign on it that reads "Do not enter unless accompanied by Level 2 MR Personnel"" A locked door with a padlock A member of Level 2 MR Personnel guarding the entrance

Answer 45

A locked door with keypad entry or proximity badge access

Question 46

In Zone 4, members of Level 2 MR Personnel can be responsible for all of the following, EXCEPT: Patients Accompanying visitors Clerical staff Radiologists

Answer 46

Radiologists