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Otolaryngology > Facial plastic surgery > Flashcards

Facial plastic surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What are some uses of facial plastic surgery?

A
  • Aesthetic anxiety
  • Effect of ageing
  • Congenital conditions
  • Trauma
  • Following tumour excision
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2
Q

What are the 5 main components of the facial complex?

A
  • Forehead
  • Nose
  • Eyes
  • Lips
  • Chin
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3
Q

What creates beauty?

A

The balance of the 5 components of the facial complex

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4
Q

What is the divine proportion?

A

1.618:1
- Length vs breadth of face
- Width of nose to mouth
- Length of nose to nasal projection
- width of eye to facial width

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5
Q

What are some common plastic surgery procedures?

A
  • Rhinoplasty
  • Mentoplasty
  • Face lift
  • Neck lift
  • Blepharoplasty
  • Brow lift
  • Skin rejuvination
  • Otoplasty
  • Tumour surgery
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6
Q

What is rhinoplasty?

A

Nose reconstruction

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7
Q

What is mentoplasty?

A

Chin reconstruction

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8
Q

What is blepharoplasty?

A

Eye lid reconstruction

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9
Q

What is required in rhinoplasty?

A
  1. Full assessment of the nose and face
  2. Psychological assessment
  3. Multiple consultations
  4. Endonasal surgery to open up the nose from the septum
  5. Shaving of the nasal humps
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10
Q

What is otoplasty?

A

Ear reconstruction

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11
Q

What are some conditions that require otoplasty?

A

Congenital problem such as:
- Loss of helical fold
- Prominent conceal bowl
- protruding lobule

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12
Q

What is the 123 rule of assessing in otoplasty?

A
  • 1cm from the most superior point of the pinna to the mastoid
  • 2cm from Frankfort (Top of tragus) posterior part of pinna to mastoid
  • 30 degree mastoid and helix
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13
Q

What are some surgical options in otoplasty?

A

Ear moulds (Birth - 3 months)
Mustarde suturing
Anterior scoring
Conchal reduction
Furness conchamastoid cave rotation sutures

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14
Q

What is involved in mustarde suturing?

A

Section of post-auricular skin taken out to pull the ear back

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15
Q

What is usually involved in mentoplasty?

A

Usually involves fillers but may be more permanent with bone reshaping

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16
Q

What are some intrinsic factors of ageing?

A
  • Genetically determined pace
  • Build up of damaging products and increasing biological ageing of the cells
  • Oestrogen levels influence skin integrity
17
Q

What re some extrinsic factors of ageing?

A

Insults from the environment add to the signs of ageing (E.g. sun exposure)

18
Q

Describe changes in skin in ageing

A
  1. Skin thinning at accelerated rate
  2. Melanocyte count decreases leading to uneven pigmentation
  3. Skin flattens at the demo-epidermal junction
  4. Decrease in collagen and elastin turnover
  5. Volume of sub-cutaneous fat diminishes in face, hands and feet
  6. Relative increase in sub-cutaneous fat in thighs, waist and abdomen
19
Q

What are some management options for skin ageing?

A
  • Botulinum toxin
  • Fillers
  • Blepharoplasty
  • Skin rejuvination
  • Face lift
  • Skin peeling and laser resurfacing (Reduces pigmentation)
20
Q

How do eyelids change with age?

A
  1. Accumulation of loose skin forms deepening creases in the lower eyelids
  2. Slackening of muscles around the eye allow protective fat to protrude forward causing bagginess
21
Q

What is involved in blepharoplasty?

A

Reshaping by removing extra-fat, excess skin and sagging muscle

22
Q

What are the 4 forms of reconstruction?

A
  • Healing by secondary intervention
  • Healing by primary closure
  • Skin grafts
  • Skin flats
23
Q

What is involved in healing by secondary intention?

A

Involves leaving the wound open to heal from the top itself as the epithelium grows over the scar

24
Q

When is healing by secondary intention used?

A
  • Used in infected tissue and tumour margins
  • Can give better cosmetic outcomes and less scarring
25
Q

What is involved in primary closure?

A

Involves suturing of skin surface back together

26
Q

How do partial and full thickness skin grafts differ?

A

Partial thickness skin grafts aren’t always a good colour match whereas full thickness skin grafts are as it retains tissue volume and pigmentation

27
Q

What is usually required for nasal reconstruction?

A

Usually requires cartilage (From ear often), mucosa and skin

Otolaryngology (23 decks)

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