ENT anatomy Flashcards
What structures made up the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Septal cartilage
Vomer
What 2 bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Palatine bones
Palatine plate of the maxilla
What are the 4 main foramen entering each nasal cavity?
- Anterior ethmoidal foramen
- Posterior ethmoidal foramen
- Sphenopalatine foramen
- Incisive foramen (Single midline)
What is the name of the anastamoses within the nasal cavity?
Keisselbach’s plexus (Little’s area)
What is the medical term for nostril?
Nares
What is the dip connecting the lip and nose?
Philtrum
What is the name for the outer rim of the nostril?
Ala
What are the 3 sections of the external nose?
Root
Dorsum
Tip
What are the 8 main foramen of the cranial vault through which cranial nerves pass?
- Foramen magnum
- Foramen ovale
- Foramen rotundum
- Superior orbital fissure
- Jugular foramen
- Hypoglossal canal
- Internal acoustic meatus
- Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
How many paranasal sinuses are there?
8 (4 bilateral pairs)
What type of epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?
Respiratory epithelium
What is thought to be the function of the paranasal sinuses?
Reduce skull weight
Assist with vocal resonance
What is sinusitis?
Inflammation of the sinus mucosa
What are the 4 types of paranasal sinuses?
Frontal sinuses
Ethmoidal air cells
Sphenoid sinuses
Maxillary sinuses
Where does the sphenoid sinus drain to?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Where do the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into?
Superior meatus
What 2 structures are found within the middle meatus allowing sinus drainage?
- Ethmoidal bulla (Rounded projection)
- Semilunar hiatus (Curved groove surrounding the bulla)
Where do frontal sinuses drain to?
Semilunar hiatus in middle meatus
Where do maxillary sinuses drain to?
Semilunar hiatus in middle meatus
Where do anterior ethmoidal air cells drain to?
Semilunar hiatus in middle meatus
Where do the middle ethmoidal air cells drain to?
Ethmoidal bulla in middle meatus
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain to?
Inferior meatus
What are the 2 main regions of the nasal cavity?
Nasal vestibule
Nasal cavity proper
What type of epithelium lines the nasal vestibule?
Stratified squamous epithelium (Keratinised to non-keratinised (1)