Face and Scalp

Question 1

Identify a and b and provide actions

Answer 1

Occipitofrontalis

• a: frontalis: elevates eyebros and produces wrinkles on the forehead
• b: occipitalis: aids frontalis (by retracting scalp and aponeurosis)

Question 2

Identify and give action

Answer 2

Orbicularis Oculi

• Black arrow: Palpebral portion: Gently closes eye
• Red arrow: Oribtal portion: Tightly closes eye

Question 3

Identify and name action

Answer 3

Zygomaticus major

• Action: draws angle of mouth superolaterally; smiles

Question 4

What muscle is responsible for increasing ridigity of cheek; keeping food between molars; and resisting distention

Answer 4

Buccinator m.

Question 5

Identify and give action

Answer 5

Orbicularis Oris

• Resting activity (tonus) keeps mouth softly closed
• Constricts and Protrudes lips (kissing m!)

Question 6

Satchmo’s syndrome

Answer 6

tearing of the orbicularis oris muscle

• common to brass players

Question 7

Identify #1

Answer 7

Levator anguli oris m.

Question 8

Identify “b” and name action

Answer 8

B: Levator anguli Superioris : elevates upper lip

Question 9

Identify a and name action

Answer 9

depressor anguli oris

• Action: pouting hard

Question 10

Identify c and give action

Answer 10

mentalis: wrinkles skin on chin

Question 11

Identify green arrow and give action

Answer 11

Depressor Labii inferioris: draws lower lip down in frown

Question 12

Which of the branches of the external carotid artery can be seen in the face?

Answer 12

• facial
• Maxillary
• Superficial temporal

Question 13

Which branch off the internal carotid can be seen in face?

Answer 13

Branches off an Opthalmic a.

Question 14

The maxillary a. (off external carotid) has 2 terminal branches that exit onto the surface of the face. What are they?

Answer 14

• mental a.
• infraorbital a.

Question 15

The opthalmic artery (off internal carotid) has a branche in the face that anastomoses with a branch from the external carotid artery. Name them

Answer 15

• Supraorbital
• Anastomosis with the angular

Question 16

The facial artery and vein run together across the face. How can you tell the two apart

Answer 16

Facial artery runs Anterior to the facial vein

Question 17

The pterygoid plexus is formed from what two veins

Answer 17

• Deep facial v. (from facial v. off internal juggular v.) and Maxillary v. (from external jugular v.)

Question 18

The pterygoid plexus is connected to what sinus?

Answer 18

Cavernous sinus

Question 19

List the lymphatics of the face

Answer 19

• Buccal nodes
• Parotid nodes
• Submental nodes
• Submandibular nodes
• Mastoid nodes
• Occipital nodes

Question 20

Why is lip carcinoma more common on the lower lip?

Answer 20

Lower lip has dual lymphatic drainage

• Lateral: submandibular
• Central: submental

Question 21

What nerves supply sensory innervation to the face?

Answer 21

Trigeminal CN V

• Ophthalmic (V1)
• Maxillary (V2)
• Mandibular (V3)

Spinal rami

• anterior
• posterior

Question 22

What branches off of Ophthalmic (CN V1) provide sensory innervation to face?

Answer 22

• supraorbital
• supratrochlear
• external nasal

Question 23

What branches off of the maxillary n. (CN V2) gives sensory innervation to face

Answer 23

• zygomaticotemporal
• zygomaticofacial
• infraorbital

Question 24

What branches off of the mandibular n (CN V3) supplies sensory innervation to the face

Answer 24

• Auriculotemporal
• Buccal
• Mental

Question 25

What branches off of the facial nerve (CN VII) supply motor innervation to the face

Answer 25

To zanzibar by motor Car (In **parotid** **plexus**) * Temporal * Zygomatic * Buccal * Marginal Mandibular * Cervical * Posterior Auricular n.

Question 26

Bell's palsy

Answer 26

facial nerve damage and paralysis of the muscles supplied by its motor branches * eversion of lower eyelid * drooping of angle of mouth * inability to maintain saliva or food within oral cavity

Question 27

The parotid gland delivers saliva to the oral cavity via what? What are its distinguishing factors?

Answer 27

* parotid duct * crosses over masseter muscle and pierce buccinator muscle to enter oral cavity

Question 28

What structures run within the parotid gland?

Answer 28

* Parotid plexus of the facial nerve (CN VII) * Retromandibular v. * External carotid artery

Question 29

Parotiditis

Answer 29

* Parotid sheath is continuous with the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia * swelling of gland is very painful and can compromise structures passing through * Commonly seen in mumps

Question 30

1. Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland starts in what plexus? 2. Where does it synapse? 3. What nerve does the postganglionics hitchhike on to get to the parotid gland?

Answer 30

1. Tympanic plexus off CN IX 2. Otic ganglion 3. auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)

Question 31

Sympathetic innervation to head

Answer 31

* preganglionic axons **synapse** in superior cervical ganglion * post ganglionic axons form sympathetic plexuses around carotid arteries * follow arteries to destination

Question 32

Name the layers of the scalp

Answer 32

SCALP ## Footnote S: skin C: connective tissue A: aponeurosis L: Loose connective tissue P: pericranium

Question 33

Name the vessels of the scalp. Name whether they come off of the internal or external carotid

Answer 33

External carotid * occipital a. * Posterior auricular a. * Superficial temporal a. Internal carotid * Supraorbital * Supratrochlear

Question 34

Why do deep wounds in the scalp gape open?

Answer 34

tension in frontalis and occipitalis

Question 35

Why is the loose connective tissue layer of the scalp considered the "danger" area?

Answer 35

Emissary veins can carry infection into cranial cavity