FA Rapid Review: Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
Hypertension
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitis (kids)
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults) (4)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S., 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
19
Q
Breast mass (2)
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults) (2)
A
Metastasis, Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis (2)
Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis (3, in order of occurrence)
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing's syndrome (4)
Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing's (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common) (3)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis (late; more common) (3)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
Death in CML
Blast crisis
39
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia (2)
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts
41
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC (6)
```
Severe sepsis
Obstetric complications
Cancer
Burns
Trauma
Major surgery
```
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer (2)
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide);
| Adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) (2)
S. aureus, B. cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
Gynecologic malignancy (2)
```
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.);
Cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
```
50
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
51
Helminth infection (U.S.) (2)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
52
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
53
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis (2 causes)
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
55
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's disease
57
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA-B27 (4)
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiter's syndrome
Ulcerative colitis
Psoriasis
59
HLA-DR3 or -DR4 (3)
Diabetes mellitus type I
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
60
Holosystolic murmur (3)
VSD
Tricuspid regurgitation
Mitral regurgitation
61
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
62
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
63
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
64
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
65
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
66
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease (3 organisms)
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (all catalase positive)
67
Kidney stones (3)
Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid = radiolucent
68
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
69
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
70
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
71
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
72
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
73
Malignancy (kids) (2)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
74
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome
75
Metastases to bone (5)
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
76
Metastases to brain (6)
Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
77
Metastasis to liver (3)
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
78
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
79
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
80
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
81
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
82
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
83
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
84
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
85
Nosocomial pneumonia (3 organisms)
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
86
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
87
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
88
Opporunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
89
Osteomyelitis (organism)
S. aureus
90
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease (organism)
Salmonella
91
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use (2 organisms)
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
92
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
93
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
94
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
Pancreatitis (acute) (2 causes)
Gallstones, alcohol
96
Pancreatitis (chronic) (2 causes)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
97
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60
98
Pelvic inflammatory disease (2 organisms)
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
99
Philadelphia chromososme t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
100
Pituitary tumor (2)
Prolactinoma
| Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
101
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
102
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
103
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
Primary hyperparathyroidism (3)
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)
106
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
107
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremitites
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
108
Renal tumor (2)
```
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking;
Paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
```
109
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
110
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
111
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
113
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
114
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
115
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
116
Sites of atherosclerosis (4, in order of frequency)
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
117
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
118
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
119
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
120
t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
121
t(9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
122
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
123
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
124
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
125
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
126
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
127
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
129
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
130
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
131
UTI (2 organisms)
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
132
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
133
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Folated (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
