Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid > FA Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Finding > Flashcards

FA Rapid Review: Classic Labs/Finding Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A 
Scleroderma (CREST)
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener’s]; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg­ Strauss syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-transglutaminase I, anti-gliadin I, anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic (M3 type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (clue to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs (2)

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Boot shaped heart on x-ray (2)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Brown tumor of bone (2)

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal-recessive mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann’s spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl’s eye appearance of CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

Orphan Annie’s eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy body (Parkinson’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

A

Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer’s disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Giant B cells with bilobecl nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Hair on end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray (2)

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

hCG elevated (2)

A

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)

43
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoffbodies (rheumatic fever)

44
Q

Heterophile antibodies

A

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

45
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

46
Q

High level of d-dimers

A

DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC

47
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli

48
Q

“Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

49
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

A

Trousseau’s syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

50
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils,

A

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

51
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn’s syndrome

52
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia (3)

A

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

53
Q

Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum, Increased uric acid levels (3)

A

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)

54
Q

Increased uric acid levels (4)

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

55
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

56
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)

57
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

58
Q

Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

59
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

60
Q

Linear appearance of lgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

61
Q

Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

62
Q

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststrcptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of lgG and C3b)

63
Q

Lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

64
Q

Mammary gland (“blue domed”) cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

65
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike (4)

A
  • Multiple myeloma (usually lgG or lgA)
  • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS ; normal consequence of aging)
  • Waldenstrom’s (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
  • Primary amyloidosis
66
Q

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)

67
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String Sing” (Crohn disease)

68
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s; c-ANCA) and

Goodpasture’s syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

69
Q

Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

70
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

71
Q

Nutmeg appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

72
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing’s sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

73
Q

Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus

74
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Cadman’s triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

75
Q

Podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

76
Q

Polished, “ivory like” appearance ofbone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

77
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau (2)

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer’s disease) and Pick’s bodies (Pick’s disease)

78
Q

Psammoma bodies (4)

A

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

79
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

80
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

81
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

82
Q

Renal epithelial casts in urine

A

Acute toxic/viral nephrosis

83
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

84
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

85
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS (2)

A

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

86
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells)

87
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

88
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

89
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

90
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

91
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)

92
Q

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

93
Q

Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

94
Q

Thumb sign on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) - Keller called this “steeple sign”

95
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

96
Q

Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

97
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

98
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

99
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

Acute pyelonephritis

100
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

101
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Lupus nephropathy

102
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (e.g., due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

103
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

First Aid (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions