F_Chapter 15: Respi, Dig, Repro Flashcards
The ________ share responsibility for supplying the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide
cardiovascular and respiratory system
The Respiratory System oversee ______
the gas exchanges that occur between the blood and the external environment
If either respiratory or cardiovascular system fail, the cells begin to die from _____________
oxygen starvation & accumulation of carbon dioxide
Gas exchange ONLY happens in the
Alveoli
Upper Respiratory Tract –
Lower Respiratory Tract –
Upper Respiratory Tract – Nose to the Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract – Trachea to the Alveoli
All other respiratory system structures are conducting passageways (except alveoli) that carry air through the lungs These conducting passageways also serve to __________
purify, humidify, and warm incoming air
The ONLY externally visible part of the respiratory system. Air enters in this by passing through the ________
Nose
Air enters the nose by passing through the nostrils (nares)
This is the Interior part has the Nasal Cavity w/c contain _________
Nose; olfactory receptors
What lines the nose that keep the air warm?
This also has what cells?
Lined by a respiratory mucosa that warms the air
Mucosa also have mucus-producing cells
Mucus found in nose moistens the air & traps incoming pathogens such as bacteria and debris; the mucus also contain _________ & __________
lysozymes & IgA
NOSE
Ciliated cells of the mucosa bring the mucus to the throat that leads to the_____ to be _____
Ciliated cells of the mucosa bring the mucus to the throat that leads to the stomach to be digested
What happens to cilia during cold temperatures?
cilia become sluggish
NOSE
structure that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
what are the two types of this structure
Palate
- Hard Palate is where the palate is *supported by bone *
- Soft Palate is the unsupported posterior part
ducts in the nose that drain tears from the eyes, empty into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal ducts
NOSE
The nasal cavity is surrounded by what structures?
What’s the purpose of these structures
Paranasal Sinuses
✓** Lighten the skull** & acts as Resonance chamber for speech
✓ Sinuses also produce mucus which drains into the nasal cavity
- Muscular passageway about 13 cm (5 inches)
- Common passageway for food and air
- Also houses clusters of lymphatic tissues – tonsils
Pharynx (Throat)
3 Regions of the Pharynx (Throat)
(1) Nasopharynx
✓ Region where air enters
✓Region that connects with the nose & pharyngotympanic tubes
(2) Oropharynx
✓Portion where air and food meet
(3) Laryngopharynx
✓Enters to the larynx below
✓Continuous with the esophagus
Routes air and food into proper channels. Also plays a role in speech
LARYNX (VOICE BOX)
Composition of Larynx (voice box)
Composed of 8 hyaline & 1 elastic cartilage (epiglottis)
largest of the hyaline cartilage found in Larynx
Adam’s Apple
LARYNX
referred as the “Guardian of the Airway”, as it
protects the superior opening of the larynx
How does it function during breathing? During food swallowing?
Epiglottis
- During Breathing, epiglottis allows passage of air into the lower respiratory passages – which leads to the trachea
- During food swallowing, the epiglottis forms a lid over the larynx which reroutes the food into the esophagus – which leads to the stomach
triggered when anything other than air enters the larynx
id doesn’t work when? hence?
Cough Reflex
Cough reflex DOES NOT WORK when UNCONSCIOUS. Hence, DO NOT GIVE FLUIDS to an unconscious person
are a pair of folds that form part of the larynx’s mucus membrane
Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)
Vocal Folds in Larynx
These folds vibrate with expelled air, wherein this vibration allows _____
allows us to speak
About 10 to 12 cm (4 inches) long; found within the fifth thoracic vertebra (the midchest area)
TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)
The ONLY way air can enter the lungs
What life-threatening event happens when this is obstructed?
TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)
Hence, tracheal obstruction is life-threatening (e.g., choking)
Tracheal walls are reinforced with ________. Lined with ________ that beat continuously in a ________ direction; also have ____ cells
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Lined with ciliated mucosa that beat continuously in a superior direction; also have goblet cells
