F_Chapter 15: Respi, Dig, Repro

Question 1

The ________ share responsibility for supplying the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide

Answer 1

cardiovascular and respiratory system

Question 2

The Respiratory System oversee ______

Answer 2

the gas exchanges that occur between the blood and the external environment

Question 3

If either respiratory or cardiovascular system fail, the cells begin to die from _____________

Answer 3

oxygen starvation & accumulation of carbon dioxide

Question 4

Gas exchange ONLY happens in the

Answer 4

Alveoli

Question 5

Upper Respiratory Tract –

Lower Respiratory Tract –

Answer 5

Upper Respiratory Tract – Nose to the Larynx

Lower Respiratory Tract – Trachea to the Alveoli

Question 6

All other respiratory system structures are conducting passageways (except alveoli) that carry air through the lungs These conducting passageways also serve to __________

Answer 6

purify, humidify, and warm incoming air

Question 7

The ONLY externally visible part of the respiratory system. Air enters in this by passing through the ________

Answer 7

Nose
Air enters the nose by passing through the nostrils (nares)

Question 8

This is the Interior part has the Nasal Cavity w/c contain _________

Answer 8

Nose; olfactory receptors

Question 9

What lines the nose that keep the air warm?

This also has what cells?

Answer 9

Lined by a respiratory mucosa that warms the air

Mucosa also have mucus-producing cells

Question 10

Mucus found in nose moistens the air & traps incoming pathogens such as bacteria and debris; the mucus also contain _________ & __________

Answer 10

lysozymes & IgA

Question 11

NOSE

Ciliated cells of the mucosa bring the mucus to the throat that leads to the_____ to be _____

Answer 11

Ciliated cells of the mucosa bring the mucus to the throat that leads to the stomach to be digested

Question 12

What happens to cilia during cold temperatures?

Answer 12

cilia become sluggish

Question 13

NOSE

structure that separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

what are the two types of this structure

Answer 13

Palate

• Hard Palate is where the palate is *supported by bone *
• Soft Palate is the unsupported posterior part

Question 14

ducts in the nose that drain tears from the eyes, empty into the nasal cavity

Answer 14

Nasolacrimal ducts

Question 15

NOSE

The nasal cavity is surrounded by what structures?

What’s the purpose of these structures

Answer 15

Paranasal Sinuses

✓** Lighten the skull** & acts as Resonance chamber for speech
✓ Sinuses also produce mucus which drains into the nasal cavity

Question 16

• Muscular passageway about 13 cm (5 inches)
• Common passageway for food and air
• Also houses clusters of lymphatic tissues – tonsils

Answer 16

Pharynx (Throat)

Question 17

3 Regions of the Pharynx (Throat)

Answer 17

(1) Nasopharynx
✓ Region where air enters
✓Region that connects with the nose & pharyngotympanic tubes

(2) Oropharynx
✓Portion where air and food meet

(3) Laryngopharynx
✓Enters to the larynx below
✓Continuous with the esophagus

Question 18

Routes air and food into proper channels. Also plays a role in speech

Answer 18

LARYNX (VOICE BOX)

Question 19

Composition of Larynx (voice box)

Answer 19

Composed of 8 hyaline & 1 elastic cartilage (epiglottis)

Question 20

largest of the hyaline cartilage found in Larynx

Answer 20

Adam’s Apple

Question 21

LARYNX

referred as the “Guardian of the Airway”, as it
protects the superior opening of the larynx

How does it function during breathing? During food swallowing?

Answer 21

Epiglottis

• During Breathing, epiglottis allows passage of air into the lower respiratory passages – which leads to the trachea
• During food swallowing, the epiglottis forms a lid over the larynx which reroutes the food into the esophagus – which leads to the stomach

Question 22

triggered when anything other than air enters the larynx

id doesn’t work when? hence?

Answer 22

Cough Reflex

Cough reflex DOES NOT WORK when UNCONSCIOUS. Hence, DO NOT GIVE FLUIDS to an unconscious person

Question 23

are a pair of folds that form part of the larynx’s mucus membrane

Answer 23

Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)

Question 24

Vocal Folds in Larynx

These folds vibrate with expelled air, wherein this vibration allows _____

Answer 24

allows us to speak

Question 25

About 10 to 12 cm (4 inches) long; found within the fifth thoracic vertebra (the midchest area)

Answer 25

TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)

Question 26

The ONLY way air can enter the lungs

What life-threatening event happens when this is obstructed?

Answer 26

TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)

Hence, tracheal obstruction is life-threatening (e.g., choking)

Question 27

Tracheal walls are reinforced with ________. Lined with ________ that beat continuously in a ________ direction; also have ____ cells

Answer 27

C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

Lined with ciliated mucosa that beat continuously in a superior direction; also have goblet cells