F3 Flashcards
Cash Reconciliation - Bank adjustments
- In transit deposits (not yet in bank) - add
- Outstanding / unrecognized cut checks - deduct
- Bank Errors - fix
Cash reconciliation - book adjustments
- EFT (electronic funds transfer unrecorded) (add)
- Bank Service charges (deduct)
- Accountant Error (fix)
- NSF check (bounced) - deduct
- Earned interest - add
Money market account
Cash
AP checks recorded on 12/31 but not mailed until Jan 15 - reconciled in reporting period or next year?
Next year
Checkbook vs Bank Bal - given no other info, which should you assume is correct on 12/31?
Book balance, once finally adjusted, will not equal bank balance. Assume book bal is correct because bank balance will lack checks in transit
Is a 90 day certificate of deposit a cash equivalent?
Yes
Is a post dated check from customer a cash equivalent?
If dated AFTER the balance sheet date, no - otherwise yes
What must you be careful of with bank rec questions?
Are you reconciling the bank bal. vs the book bal. - different items for each category
AR vs Note Receivable
AR is an ORAL promise, note is a WRITTEN promise
Sales discounts gross Method expectation of customer payment
Expect customer to NOT take discount
Sales discounts NET Method expectation of customer
You expect customer to TAKE the discount
Sales discounts gross method vs net method special accounts
Gross: Sales discounts taken
Net: Sales discounts NOT taken
Is a sales / cash discount a speed or qty discount?
Speed
What type of discount is a trade discount?
Qty / volume / economies of scale discount
What methods can be applied to trade discounts?
Net only
What is the general rule for expected sales returns?
Do not journalize UNLESS % of returns is MATERIAL and can be REASONABLY ESTIMATED
How to journalize sales returns and allowances?
Sales returns and allowances
AR
What kind of account is sales returns and allowances?
Contra Revenue
What is the direct write off method for uncollectible AR and what is it used for?
No Allowance for Doubtful Accts, only write off to bad debt expense when uncollectible. NOT GAAP. Used for tax purposes.
What is the allowance method and what is it used for?
Used for GAAP. Record bad debt expense and CR allowance for Doubtful, write off to allowance for Doubtful
Difference between income statement Approach and b/s approach in calculating allowance for Doubtful ending balance?
I/S - calculate the delta first
B/S - calculate the ending bal. first
Certificate of deposit
A bank account where you agree to leave your money in and can’t withdraw until x date. Why done? Better interest rate
How is cash paid for a cash equivalent recorded on statement of cash flows?
It isn’t. It’s exchanging cash for cash basically. Net zero change
What is the effect on writing off AR in GAAP on b/s and I/s?
No change. Offsets
Pledging - what is and how to report?
AR as collateral, report via note disclosure only
Factoring AR
Selling AR
Factoring with recourse
If Customer doesn’t pay, it comes back on you. Can either by treated as a sale or as pledging
When is factoring with recourse a sale?
- Due from factor can be reasonably estimated
- Transferor surrenders control (factor can sell)
- Transferor is not required to buyback uncollected Receivables, but may be required to replace with similar AR
What two ways can factoring with recourse be reported?
As a sale (if it meets all 3 requirements) or as a pledge (notes only)
How is factoring without recourse journalized?
Cash
Due from factor
Loss on sale of AR
AR
Securitization of AR
AR sold to a trust hat sells securities that are collaterized by AR. As AR is paid, investors receive cash back
What is present value?
Face amount
Less unearned interest
= PV
Discounting notes Receivable
Sell notes Receivable with or without recourse
How are notes Receivable discounted journalized?
Cash
Notes Receivable Discounted
-or-
Cash
Notes Receivable*
*note disclosure of contingent liability
What kind of asset is notes Receivable discounted?
Contra-asset / contra-AR
A method estimating uncollectible accounts that emphasizes asset valuations rather than income
measurement
Aging of Receivables
How to solve for cash received on note discount
Note maturity value * months remaining on term of note / 12 * bank effective interest rate = cash received from bank
What is the note discount when notes are sold?
The interest the bank gets on the note (the interest the seller doesn’t get to keep)
Solving for the maturity value of a note at x% interest with n equal payments
Must calculate with ordinary annuity. Face / ordinary annuity at x% = equal pmts * n periods = maturity amount
Sales returns and allowances is what kind of account?
Contra-sales (IS)
Sales returns and allowances JE
Sales returns and allowances
AR
Non-conforming goods
Wrong stuff - Doesn’t belong to buyer
If likelihood that goods will be returned cannot be estimated, how accounted for?
Kept in seller’s inventory until right to return elapsed. Sale NOT finalized
Revenue Recognition rule for right to return - when can revenue be recognized?
- Sales price is substantially fixed
- Buyer assumes risk of loss
- Buyer has paid
- Product sold is substantially complete
- Future returns estimatable
Public Warehouses - how to tell ownership?
Owner has warehouse receipt
Sales with mandatory buyback (financing) - who has possession of inventory?
Seller even though title has passed
Installment sale where seller retains legal title as security for the loan - who has the good?
If % of uncollectible debts cannot be estimated keep in sellers inventory
When replacement cost has gone down for a good - what is the exception to revaluing inventory?
If cost is recoverable and an approx. normal profit can be recognized during the ordinary course of biz, then value at cost
Precious metals and farm products are valued at
Net realizable value
When is inventory revalued?
A loss on sale is expected
How to recognize a loss on revaluation of inventory
GAAP: If material, unusual item, else expense to COGS.
IFRS: doesn’t specify
Can revaluation loss (write downs) be reversed under GAAP?
Generally no
Can revaluation loss (write downs) be reversed under IFRS?
Generally yes, limited to amount of previous write down
Net realizable value
What you can sell it for less costs to complete / sell
Periodic account only
Purchases (instead of inventory)
IFRS inventory valuation method
All are Lower of Cost or NRV
Does inventory valuation method have to match actual inventory flows?
GAAP - no
IFRS - yes
Is LIFO allowed under IFRS?
No
Periodic = perpetual under which method?
FIFO
During periods of rising prices which inventory method values inventory the lowest?
LIFO
L = lowest
If inventory is valued lower then COGS is valued
Higher
If inventory is valued higher then
COGS is valued lower
Firm purchase commitment
Agreement to purchase a specified amt of goods at some future date
Must be disclosed
When to recognize a loss on firm purchase commitment?
When price declines (upon discovery)
Are temporary declines in inventory value expected to reverse by end of annual period recognized as a loss?
No, not in interim statements
What goods can be valued at above cost in inventory?
Precious metals and agricultural goods
Is shipping and handling incurred in connection with goods shipped FOB destination?
No - sale is assumed to occur on customer’s shipping dock. Seller records these are fright out selling charges
Is shipping and handling incurred in connection with goods shipped FOB shipping point?
Yes - buyer is responsible for getting the goods to the necessarily location in the necessary condition to sell. These extra costs are rolled into cost of inventory (FREIGHT IN)
If beg. Bal inventory is understated then COGS is
Understated because the prior period COGS was overstated - this will correct as an understatement in the current period
Which inventory method most closely approximates current cost for COGS?
LIFO b/c the last in item (current cost) gets charged to COGS
Which inventory method most closely approximates current cost for inventory?
FIFO b/c the what’s left in inventory is in their for the “first time”
LIFO memory tool
Long life
Inventory has a “long life” with LIFO because old stock keeps getting shoved to the back by new
FIFO memory tool
First time in inventory
When inventory is destroyed what method can be used to determine cost of destroyed inventory?
Gross profit Method
A dollar value LIFO “LAYER” represents what?
A layer of inventory from that year, I.e. The remaining delta of that year. Be careful reading. Are you dealing with a layer or aggregate balance (end bal for that year)
Under a moving average inventory, what cost is used for COGS?
The moving average cost
When is the moving average cost of inventory calculated?
After each purchase
Disadvantage of periodic inventory system is
Includes cost of inventory sold and shortages b/c COGS is a plug
What is the JE for loss on purchase commitments?
Estimated Loss on purchase commitment
Estimated Liability on purchase commitment
Which inventory costing method maximizes profits in periods of rising prices?
FIFO
If total inventory is used to apply lower of cost or NRV, how determined?
Pick lower of Total inventory cost or total inventory at NRV
Why do perpetual and periodic NOT equal under LIFO?
Because under periodic LIFO assumes the oldest inventory is still there, but if there was a big sale in the middle of the month and then a big purchase periodic would be majorly off due to its assumptions
Are HC and Replacement Cost the same thing?
No!
What is the JE for donated fixed assets?
Fixed Asset (FV) Gain on nonreciprocal transfer
Revaluation loss that reverses a gain
Offset the OCI revaluation surplus instead of recording on IS
Can the revaluation method be used on one asset but not another?
They must be applied to item classes (all items within that class) instead of individual items. Example: furniture and fixtures
With revalued items under IFRS what also must be disclosed?
Historical cost equivalent