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MLSP 112 (Lectures) > F1. MICROBIOLOGY SECTION > Flashcards

F1. MICROBIOLOGY SECTION Flashcards

1
Q

4 class of biosafety cabinets:

A
  1. Class I
  2. Class II
  3. Class IIA
  4. Class IIB
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2
Q
  • operated in open front
  • consist of negative pressure
  • allow room air to pass into cabinet & around the area & material within, sterilizing only the air to be exhausted
A

Class I

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3
Q
  • also called as Vertical Laminar Flow BSCs
  • direct the flow of contaminated air into the filters
  • air flows in “sheets”, which serves as a barrier to particle from outside the cabinet
A

Class II

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4
Q
  • self-contained
  • 70% of air is recirculated
A

Class IIA

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5
Q
  • selected for radioisotopes, toxic chemicals, or carcinogenic samples
A

Class IIB

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6
Q
  • prokaryotic unicellular organisms
  • lack nucleus & nuclear membrane

  • may either be gram positive [violet] or gram negative [red/pink]
A

Bacteria

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7
Q

single, closed, circular chromosomes of double-stranded DNA

A

Nucleoid

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8
Q

small circular molecules of extrachromosomal circular DNA

A

Plasmids

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9
Q

asexual reproduction of bacteria

A

Binary Fission

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10
Q

Bacteria size?

A

0.2 to 2 um in diameter
1 to 6 um in length

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11
Q
  • Principal stain used for microscopic examination of bacteria
  • First devised by Hans Christian Gram during the late 19th century

This staining divides most bacterial species into two large groups called?

A

Gram Stain

  1. Gram-positive
  2. Gram-negative
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12
Q

take up the basic dye, crystal violet

A

Gram-positive

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13
Q

allow crystal violet dye to wash out easily with decolorizer alcohol or acetone

A

Gram-negative

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14
Q

Gram-positive’s:
1. cell wall?
2. lipopolysaccharide?
3. gram staining?
4. representation?

A
  1. thick [peptidoglycan]
  2. absence
  3. purple
  4. purple/violet result
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15
Q

Gram-negative’s:
1. cell wall?
2. lipopolysaccharide?
3. gram staining?
4. representation?

A
  1. thin [peptidoglycan]
  2. presence
  3. red/pink
  4. pink result
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16
Q

4 basic types of morphological types of bacteria?

A
  1. cocci
  2. bacilli
  3. spirilla
  4. vibrios
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17
Q

spherical-shaped cells

round

A

COCCI

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18
Q

rod-shaped cells

A

BACILLI

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19
Q

spiral shaped cells

A

SPIRILLA

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20
Q

comma-shaped cells

curved rod

A

VIBRIOS

21
Q

short rod

A

coccobacillus

22
Q

long, loose, helical spiral

A

spirochette

23
Q

2 types of bacterial metabolism?

A
  1. fermentation
  2. respiration
24
Q

Process by which bacteria catabolize carbohydrates to produce energy

A

Fermentation

25
Q
  • also known as oxidation
  • Process of bacterial energy generation rather than fermentation
A

Respiration

26
Q

Collection in microbiology needs to prioritize ____ and _____.

A

Safety and General Guidelines

27
Q
  • follows universal precaution throughout the collection & handling process.
  • should wear gloves & a laboratory gown.
  • eye protection
  • accidents or injuries must be reported immediately
A

Safety

28
Q

General guidelines?

A
  • specimen should be from the infection site
  • collected before antimicrobials [antibiotics] are administered
  • STERILE & ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE of collection devices & containers
  • LABELLED specimen container
29
Q

COLLECTION FORM VARIOUS BODY SITES

  • tongue should be depressed
  • swabbing between the tonsillar pillars and behind the uvula
  • cheek, tongue, and teeth should NOT be touched
A

Throat [swabs]

30
Q

Expectorated specimens from deep cough should be collected into a sterile specimen cup

A

Sputum

31
Q
  • Midstream clean-catch is the most common collection method
  • Culture for catheterized urine specimens usually have less contaminating bacterial flora
A

Urine

32
Q
  • 2-3 cultures should be collected at random times during 24-hour period
  • venipuncture
  • Skin is disinfected with 70% alcohol, followed by Iodine
A

Blood

33
Q

volume of blood for Adults?

A

20-30mL of blood per culture is collected

34
Q

volume of blood for infants?

A

1-5mL of blood per culture is collected

35
Q
  • Should be collected aseptically by PHYSICIAN
  • Should be processed immediately and not exposed to heat or refrigeration
A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

36
Q

GENITAL TRACT:
1. Exudates may be expressed from the urethral orifice or a small-diameter swab inserted 3-4 cm into the urethra
2. sterile swab is inserted into the cervix with an
aid of speculum [remain fow a few seconds]

A
  1. MEN (penile discharge)
  2. WOMEN (vaginal discharge)
37
Q

Anaerobic specimen can be transported using?

A
  • anaerobic glass
  • candle jar
38
Q

specimens that are not stored in the refrigerator if it is for microbiology

A
  1. temp. sensitive organisms
  2. blood culture bottles
  3. CSF
39
Q

Processing:

Culture Media Selection:

A
  1. nutritive media
  2. differential media
  3. selective media
  4. backup broth
  5. specialized media
40
Q
  • Support the growth of a wide range of microorganisms
  • considered nonselective
  • supports most growth of organisms

examples of this media?

A

Nutritive media

  1. blood agar plate
  2. chocolate agar
41
Q

Microorganisms that can be distinguished on the basis if certain growth characteristics evident on the medium

example of this media?

A

Differential media

blood agar plate

42
Q

Support the growth of one group of organisms, but not another, by adding antimicrobials, dyes, or alcohol to a particular medium

Examples of this media:
1. only allow gram-negative organisms
2. only allow gram-positive organisms [CAN]

A

Selective media

  1. MacConkey Agar
  2. Columbia Agar w/ colistin & nalidixic acid Agar
43
Q
  • Also called supplemental or enrichment broth
  • for detection of small numbers of organisms present

Example of this media?
1. THIO
2. BHIB
3. TSB

A

Backup broth media

  1. Thioglycollate broth
  2. brain-heart infusion broth
  3. tryptic soy broth
44
Q

Used when specific organisms are suspected

Example of this media?
1. TCBS

A

Specialized media

  1. Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar
  2. mannitol salt agar
  3. bismuth sulfite agar
  4. campylobacter agar
45
Q

INCUBATION

Normal incubation temperature for bacterial cultures

A

35°C-37°C

46
Q

are appropriate for incubation of anaerobic cultures

A
  • anaerobic jars/ bags
  • anaerobic chamber
47
Q

temp. for stool cultures for detection of Campylobacter jejuni

A

42°C to 45°C

48
Q

Specimen rejection criteria

A
  • nonsterile/contaminated specimens
  • contaminated w/ barium/other foreign substances
  • 24-hr. urine or sputum collections
  • salive instead of sputum
  • 2 hrs. unrefrigerated urine specimens or more post-collection

MLSP 112 (Lectures) (11 decks)

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