F1 - M1 - Standards and Conceptual Framework Flashcards
____ has legal authority to establish U.S Generally accepted Accounting Principals
SEC
The SEC has allocated the ______ to establish GAAP and self-regulate
Accounting Profession
______ is the current standard-setting body in the US established in 1973
FASB (Financial Standards Board)
The most authoritative source of U.S GAAP is
FASB accounting standards Codification
Changes to existing authoritative GAAP for non issuers, nongovernment entities are communicated by the FASB, is it authorative?
Accounting Standards Updates (ASC) - Not authoriative - but provides background information, update the codifiation and desibe the basis conclusion on changes.
Name the primary users of the general purpose financial reports (3)
Existing and potential investors, Lenders and Creditors
_______ are not considered primary users
Regulators
______ is financial information that can make a difference in the decision made by users
Relevant Information
_______ is Information that has value if it can be used by users to predict future outcomes
Predictive Value
______ provides feedback about the evaluation previously made by a user
Confirmatory Value
______ information, if omitted could affect the decision by users based on the financial information
Materiality
To be used, Financial information must present the reported economic phenoma
Reliability or faithful representation
What are the elements of Relevant (3)
Predictive Value, Confirmatory Value, and Materiality
What are the elements of faithful representation (reliability)
Complete, Neutral, Free from Error
What are the enhancing qualitative Characteristics (4)
CUT-V ( Comparability, Understandability, Timeless and Verifiability
____ information is more useful when it can be compared with similar information about other entities or from other time periods
Comparability
_____ means that the difference knowledgeable and independent observers can reach consensus
Verifability
_____ information can be classified, characterized and presented clearly and concisely
Understandability
Means that information is available to users in time and be capable for influencing their decisions
Timeliness
______ says the benefits of reporting financial information must be greater than the cost of obtaining and presenting the information
Cost constraint
_______ is the process of formally recording or incorporating an item in the financial statements of an entity and classifying it as an asset, liability, equity, revenue or expense
Recognition
Name the statements in a Full set (5)
1) Balance sheet, 2) income statement, 3) Statement of Equity, 4) Statement of Cash flow, 5) Statement of Comprehensive Income
______ assumption - Economic activity can be accounted for when considered an identifiable set of activities
Entity Assumption
It is presumed that the entity will continue to operate in the foreseeable future
Going Concern
What assumption - Money is an appropriate basis by which to measure economic activity. it does not change over time , inflation is not reflected in FS
Monetary Unit Assumption
What assumption? - Economic activity can be divided in meaningful time periods
Periodcity Assumption
What assumption? FS use a mixed attribute system that allows assets and liability to be measured at various basis
Measurement Principal
______ is where revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied and expenses are recognized in the same period as the related revenue
Accrual Accounting
Given information that would make a difference in the decision processes
Full Disclosure
_______ probable future economic benefit to be received by the company as a result of past transactions or events
Assets
_______ probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligation of a company or transfer assets or the residual interest in the assets of the company that remains after deducting its liability
Liabilities
What is the accounting Equation?
Assets = Liability + Equity
Increases in equity of an entity resulting from transfers of cash, property, or services from owners (not revenue)
Investments by Owners
Decreases in equity of an entity resulting from transfers of cash, property, or services from owners (not expense)
Distributions to Owners
Any changes in equity other than investments by owners and distributions to owners (net income plus other income)
Comprensive Income
What is the Menomic for Comprehensive Income
Puffe or Puffer (IFRS)
What are the 3 Elements of Financial Statements
Assets Liability and Equity
_____ are inflows or enhancements of assets, or settlements of liability from delivering goods and services are a part of normal operations
Revenues
_____ are outflows or uses of assets, or incurrences of liability from delivering goods or services as part of normal operations
Expenses
Increases in equity from peripheral transactions and other events
Gains
Decreases in equity from peripheral transactions and other events
Losses
__________ is a present value approach in where one discount rate used to take the present value of a future cash flow stream.
Traditional Approach
_______ is a Present Value approach where it is used when expected cash flow approach is to be used, rather than the interest rate selection, this approach used only the risk free rate of the return as the discount rate.
Expected Cash flow approach
___________ are concerned with expected future cash receipts and payments
Accruals
___________ are concerned with past cash receipts and payments
Deferrals
___________- establishes International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
The Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF) created the____________ to improve standard setting for privately held companies in the U.S.
Private Company Council (PCC)
The goal of the PCC is to establish alternatives to U.S. GAAP, where appropriate, to make private company financial statements more ______, less ______ and _______.
more relevant, less complex, and cost-beneficial
______ is defined as the amount of cash or its equivalent that would be paid to acqire or replace an asset currently
Replacement Cost
What are the five elements of Preent Value measurement?
1) Estimate of future cash flow, 2) expectation about timing varation of future cash flows, 3) time value of money 4) price of bearing uncertainity 5) Liquidity issues
What is the mnemoic for Relevance.
Predict and Confirm your material Value (PCM)
What is the nmenoic for Faithful representation
Complete & neutral (Completely Neutral is free from error)
The __________ concept defines income as the change in net resources other than from owner transactions.
financial capital maintenance
The financial capital maintenance concept is the capital maintenance concept used in present __________ and ____________.
financial statements and comprehensive income.
The starting point in IFRS 1 is an opening ____________ prepared at the date of transition to IFRS.
IFRS statement of financial position
Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period except ______________
those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners
The date of transition to IFRS is defined as the ____________ for which an entity presents full comparative information under IFRS in its first IFRS financial statements.
beginning of the earliest period
An entity’s first IFRS financial statements shall include at least
(3) three statements of financial position, (2) two statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, (2) two separate statements of profit or loss (if presented), (2) statements of cash flows, and two statements of changes in equity and related notes
________ means the process of converting a noncash resource or right into cash.
realization
The _______ concept defines income as the change in net resources other than from owner transactions
financial capital maintenance
FASB Statements, Technical Bulletins, and Interpretations are part of the ____________________.
FASB Accounting Standards Codification
FASB Accounting Standards Codification consist of (3)
FASB Statements, Technical Bulletins, and Interpretations
The Codification includes ________________ content for reference by public companies.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
The disclosure of an _________ recognized and reversed for the first time in preparing the opening statement of financial position for first-time adopters for IFRS
Impairement loss
A new Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standard is issued only after a ______ vote by the members of FASB
Majority
What is the equation for Life insurance Expense
Insurance Premium - Cash Surrender Value - Dividends
The primary objetive of accounting is to _________
measure income
What is the basic of all economic activity
Monetary units
What is the most authoriative set of accounting pronoucements?
FASB Codification
What are the two levels of GAAP?
Authorative and Non-authoritative
Managerial accounting uses what focus
Timeliness
Managerial Accounting does not follow _____
GAAP
What are the primary users of the financial Statements
Existing and potential investors and lenders and other creditors
Form 10K is filed _____ and is _______
Annually, Audited
Wht are the primary constantis for financial reporting? (2)
Cost vs benefits and Materaility.
IFRS hierarchy of guidance, the first step to
selecting an accounting policy in a particular situation is to determine if there is an IFRS that specifically applies to the transaction or event.
The entity presenting its most recent previous financial statements in accordance with
1) national requirements, using some individual IFRS to account for items for which national requirements do not exist, is one of the criteria that would qualify an entity’s financial statements as the entity’s “first set” as defined by IFRS 1
IFRS requires that noncash investing and financing activities be disclosed in the _____________.
Notes to the Financial Statements
a first-time adopter of IFRS recognize the adjustments required to present its opening IFRS statement of financial position in __________ or in the appropriate in another category of ________.
All the adjustments should be recognized directly in retained earnings, or, if appropriate in another category of equity.
What are the secondary constraints of financial reporting
Comparability and Consistency
What are the two qualitative characteristics of financial reporting
Relevance and Faithful representation
when an estimate is necessary due to uncertainity ______ chooses the best option that wont overstate the financial position of the company
Conservtism
What level 3 disclosures are required by Non-public entities
Assets transfered in and out of level 3
What level 3 disclosures are required by Public entities (2)
1) Level 3 changes in unrelaized gains.losses included in OCI and 2) significant unobservable inputs
