(F) Lesson 4: Nanotechnology Flashcards by Denica Shealtiel Enage

An advancement/breakthrough that makes use of materials at a small scale (nanolevels)

Nanotechnology

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T or F: Nanotechnology manipulates and controls things on an extremely large scale

False (small)

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What is the nanometer dimension range for nanoparticles?

1-100

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T or F: Nanotechnology is not able to breakdown microscopic particles into smaller scales

False

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The study of phenomena and fine-tuning of materials at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales

Nanotechnology

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T or F: Properties differ from those at a larger scale compared to a nano-scale

True

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T or F: Nanotechnology works with and produces things at a molecular level

False (atomic)

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These people use atoms and molecules to design new materials with new and improved properties

Nanotechnologists

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T or F: Structures exist at a nanoscopic scale

True

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T or F: Properties at the nano level differ from its bulk form

True

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T or F: Nanoparticles have lesser surface area resulting to increased chemical reactivity

False (greater surface area)

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T or F: Decreased particle size is related to changes in a particle’s magnetic, optical, and electrical properties

True

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Color, fluorescence, melting point, and chemical reactivity are all under what kind of property?

Size-dependent

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T or F: Nanotechnology poses a risk of toxicity for humans

True

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T or F: Nanoparticles need to be stable enough to hold itself together and not mix in with the environment

True

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T or F: Even minor changes in chemical structure could heavily change a nanoparticles’ properties

True

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This is used due to the lack of information and methods that identify nanomaterials

Nanoparticle analysis method

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This factor of safety assessment refers to the populations affected

Exposure risk

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T or F: Those greatly affected by the risks of nanotechnology are usually scientists

False (manufacturers, factory workers, and consumers)

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This is done after a feasibility study and before going into the market to sell nanotechnology

Toxicological analysis

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This refers to when particles may stay even if the product deteriorates

Ability to recycle

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This is used to predict environmental impacts from the time it is created to the time it is being disposed

Life cycle risk assessment

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This reduces the production of material waste and determines if the properties are stable enough to avoid mixing in with the environment

Good experimental designs

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Refers to when particles may be emitted directly into the air from the source

Mobility

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Refers to a property of being water-soluble and difficult to separate/filter if inappropriately handled

Solubility

This ethical concern of nanotechnology refers to the avoidance of disclosure to the public/government

Intellectual property or secrecy

T or F: Before releasing new products, it must be checked by licensed professionals and follow the appropriate handling guidelines

True

T or F: Nanotechnology requires havng more control over the structure of matter

True

T or F: Using nanotechnology requires one to predict the future positive and negative impacts of the products

True (technological foresight)

T or F: As technology progresses, society follows as well

True

This refers to better and clearer understanding of what these technological possibilities have to offer and is done through scientific studies

Credibility and understanding

T or F: Make sure that rules and guidelines are in place when handling nanotechnology to avoid the negative impacts

True (formulate a public policy)

This analysis is done before releasing products into the market

Full life cycle analysis

T or F: There will always be changes and problems that need to be addressed by adding more on the policies to protect the people and environment

True

Which Nanotechnology Organization is this? → established at Rice University in Houston, Texas in 2004 → develops and communicates information regarding the potential risks of nanotechnology → worked with the academe, government, and NGOs to disseminate information with regards to the risks

International Council on Nanotechnoloogy (ICON)

When did ICON successfully create a database that focused on the environmental, health, and safety implications of nanotechnology; gives viewers knowledge on the guidelines, how to handle, and how to dispose the nanoparticles

August 2005

Which Nanotechnology Organization is this? → a US government research and development (R&D) initiative → consists of 20 federal departments and agencies → observes policies in the manufacturing and proper use of nanomaterials

National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

T or F: Weighing the pros and cons of nanotechnology is not simple, but the key step to this is to have a complete understanding

True

This device obtains faster, cheaper, and more accurate results compared to other diagnostic devices due to its small required sample size

Lab on a chip

This is made up of a clear silicone microfluid chamber and was developed by Stanford University School of Medicine Researchers

Lab on a chip

T or F: The lab on a chip can be used for drug deliveries because of its size

True

T or F: The lab on a chip however cannot capture images or videos inside the body

False

T or F: The lab on a chip can perform tissue repairs

True

This device allows for only droplets of samples to be used to interpret results (whether positive or negative to a specific test)

Test on a casette

These can act as scaffolding to protect the regeneration of bones or to act as artificial bones themselves if natural bone is not regenerating

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes where invented by who?

Dr. Robert Haddon

T or F: The single-walled carbon nanotubes were inspired by the element lead which was heavier than most metals

False (titanium)

T or F: Single-walled carbon nanotubes could help with arthritis

False (osteoporosis)

This is generated from iron oxide nanoparticles by the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology (CBEN)

Ferroxane membrane

This is used in waste treatment and water purification as it can attack impurities and bacteria found in water and other materials

Ferroxane membrane

These are catalysts that reduce the polluting by-products generated in paint, household detergents, and automotive brake fluid production

Silver nanoclusters

These are known to be good barriers (nanomaterial structure) to prevent contamination from the outside and the escaping of particles from the inside

Nanocomposites

T or F: Nanocomposites can fight off against visible and UV light

True

T or F: Nanocomposites are homogenous materials that comprise of multiple different phase domains

False (heterogenous)

T or F: Nanomaterials in sunscreen prevent the appearance of the white marks after applying because of its property to work invisibly

True

These electronics are: - brighter—can emit more light - thinner - lighter - flexible—some technologies can allow stuff to be folded - easier to produce, and can be made to larger sizes and consume less power

LED and OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes)

T or F: The use of LEDs and OLEDs originated from vacuum tubes in anode ray tubes

False (cathode)

T or F: The use of LEDs would display screens in bigger sizes but much more expensive than before

False (cheaper because of the nanomaerials)

T or F: OLEDs combined with other chemicals are able to consume more power

False (less power)

This device is able to boot almost instantly and can quickly and effectively save data during a system shutdown

Magnetic random access memory (RAM)

T or F: The RAM has a higher capacity to store information

True

T or F: Higher memory = faster data processing time

True

This device: → connects different parts and integrated circuits together which each have conductive lines → forms conductive lines and prints prototype circuit boards → establishes communication between parts of an internal hardware

Silver nanoparticle ink/circuit boards

T or F: Nanotechnology is seen as a key to achieve sustainable energy

True

He was a nobel laureate that said that energy tops the list of top 10 problems facing humanity over the next 50 years

Richard E. Smalley

This has improved energy storage capacities—old batteries were limited by their materials to only store a smaller amount of energy

Nano-optimized lithium-ion batteries

T or F: Nano-optimized lithium ion batteries increase lifespan and finds use in electric vehicles

True

T or F: The usage of nanoparticles idecreased the capacity of the storage

False (became easier and lighter to use)

T or F: Nano-optimized lithium ion batteries can be used on cars

True (e.g. electric powered bikes and cars)

T or F: If electricity if to be handled, capacity should be low

False (high)

These are photovoltaic cells that convert visible light into electrical energy; the sensitizers have a broad absorption band coupled with nanocrystalline titanium oxide

Dye sensitizer cells (DSSC) or Gratzel cells

Gratzel cells imitate what biological process?

Photosynthesis

This is most effective when used together with the nano-optimized lithium-ion batteries

Dye sensitizer cells (DSSC) or Gratzel cells

T or F: The storage capacity of the battery determines the amount of energy the device can give off as part of its function

True

T or F: Solar panel size = storage capacity size of the battery

True

T or F: Power banks had solar panels integrated into them which supports the daily use of Gratzel cells

True

This device: → is added to tires as reinforcing filler to prevent entry of contaminants or easy wearing out → increases tire strength and longevity (protects the material being used to make tires) → it carries the entirety of the car’s weight along with the help of the motor to move the tires around (prone to wearing out)

Nanoscale carbon black

The nanoscale carbon black reduces rolling resistance which saves fuel savings up to how many percent?

10%

T or F: If you use nanotechnology to build the body of the car, it uses up more fuel due to the reduced car weight

False (saves fuel; heavier cars require more fuel to run the motor smoothly)

T or F: Know when to dispose or recycle the materials properly

True