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NCLEX review > Med-surg > Flashcards

Med-surg Flashcards

1
Q

What type of IV fluid is this?

  • Indication: Tmnt of vascular system fluid deficit
  • Characteristics: Concentrstion equal to plasma. Prevent fluid shift between comartments
  • Solutions: NS, LR, D5W
A

Isotonic

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2
Q

What type of IV fluid is this?

  • Indication: Tmnt of intracellular dehydration
  • Characteristics: Lower osmolality than ECF. Shifts fluid from ECF to ICF
  • Solutions: 1/2 NS, 1/2D5 W/ 1/2 NS
A

Hypotonic

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3
Q

What type of IV fluid is this?

  • Indication: Only used when serum osmolality is critically low.
  • Characteristics: Osmolality is higher than ECF. Shifts fluid from ECF to ICF.
  • Solutions: D10W, D50W, D5NS, D51/2NS, D5LR
A

Hypertonic

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4
Q

The following are examples of what type of solution?

  • NS
  • LR
  • D5W
A

Isotonic

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5
Q

The following are examples of what type of solution?

  • 1/2 NS
  • D1/2 W/ 1/2 NS
A

Hypotonic

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6
Q

The following are examples of what type of solution?

  • D10W
  • D50W
  • D5NS
  • D5 1/2 NS
  • D5LR
A

Hypertonic

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7
Q

Recommended OP per hr

A

0.5 kg/mL/hr

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8
Q

All of the following are risk factors for what?

  • diarrhea
  • fever
  • hypoxia
  • starvation
  • seizure
  • OD of salicylates or ethanol
  • Renal failure DKA Dehydration
A

Metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

All of the following are risk factors for what?

  • Ingestion of antacids
  • GI Suction
  • Hypokalemia
  • TPN
  • Blood amin
  • Prolonged vomiting
A

Metabolic Acidosis

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10
Q

All of the following are risk factors for what?

  • Respiratpry depression
  • Airway obstruction
  • Pneumothorax inadequate ventilation
A

Respiratory Acidosis

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11
Q

All of the following are risk factors for what?

  • Hyperventilation
  • Hypoxemia
  • Altitude sickness
  • Asphixiation
  • Asthma
  • PNA
A

Respiratory Alkalosis

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12
Q

All of the following are S/S of what?

  • Bradycardia
  • Weak pulses
  • Tachypnea
  • hypotension
  • Flacid paralysis
  • Confusion
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Lethargy
  • Warm, flushed, dry skin
  • Kussmaul respirations
A

Metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

All of the following are S/S of what?

  • Dizziness
  • Parenthesia
  • Hypertonic muscles
  • Decreased Respirations
A

Metabolic Alkalosis

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14
Q

All of the following are S/S of what?

  • Dizziness
  • Palpitations
  • Muscle twitching
  • Convulsions
A

Respiratory Acidosis

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15
Q

All of the following are S/S of what?

  • Tachypnea
  • Anxiety
  • Tetany
  • Parenthesia
  • Palpitations
  • Chest pain
A

Respiratory alkalosis

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16
Q

Nursing interventions for Metabolic acidosis

A
  • Treat underlying cause
  • Admin F&E
17
Q

Nursing interventions for Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  • Treat underlying cause
  • Admin F&E
18
Q

Nursing interventions for respiratory acidosis

A
  • Maintain patent airway
  • Reversal agent for narcotics
  • Regulation ventilation therapy
  • Bronchodialators
  • Mucolytics
19
Q
A
20
Q

Nursing interventions for Respiratory Alkalosis

A
  • Regulate O2 Therapy
  • Reduce anxiety
  • Rebreathing technique
21
Q

All of the following indicate what?

  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnea
  • Restlessness
  • Pale skin mucous membranes
  • Elevated BP
  • Use of acessory muscles
  • Nasal flaring
  • adventitious lung sounds
A

Early Hypoxia

22
Q

All of the following indicate what?

  • Bradypnea
  • Bradycardia
  • Confusion
  • Stupor
  • Cyanoic skin & mucous membranes
  • Hypotension
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
A

Late Hypoxia

23
Q

What could a low pressure alarm on a ventilator indicate?

A
  • Need for suctioning
  • Tube disconnetion
  • Cuff leak
  • Tube dislodgement
24
Q
A
25
Q

What could a high pressure alarm on a ventilator indicate?

A
  • Need for suctioning
  • Kinking of tube
  • pulmonary edema
  • pt coughing or biting the tube
26
Q

What does an apnea alarm indicate on a ventilator?

A

No spontaneous breathing within a preset time period

27
Q

Diet for a patient with cirrhosis

A
  • High calorie
  • Low protein
  • Low fat
  • Low Na
  • Limited fluid intake
28
Q

What type of HIV is this?

Transmission:
* Fecal-oral
* Person to person
* Food/water
* Contamination
Manifestations:
* MIld flu like syptoms
* Advanced S/S in old age & chronic disease
Prevention:
* Handwashing
* Vaccine for 2 and up; 2 doses 6 - 18 months apart

A

Hep A

29
Q

What type of HIV is this?

Transmission:
* Unprotected sex
* Sharing needles
* Needle sticks
Manifestations:
* Could be asymptomatic
* RUQ pain
* Anorexia
* N/V
* Fatigue
* Febrile
* Dark Urine
* Light colored stool
* Jaundice
Prevention:
* Vaccines ofr infants and high risk populations; 3 doses over a 6 month period

A

Hep B

30
Q

What type of HIV is this?

Transmission:
* Blood to blood
* IV drug sharing
* Unprotected sex
Manifestations:
* Most are asymptomatic
* dx w/ blood test
* chronic inflammation progresses to cirrhosis
Prevention:
* Avoid High risk behaviors

A

Hep C

31
Q

Tmnt for Hep A

A
  • Symptom specific
  • May have change in medication regimen to rest liver
32
Q

Tmnt for Hep B & C

A
  • Antiviral drugs
  • Admin peginterferon alfa 2B
  • Monitor Kidney function
33
Q
  • Sharp RUQ, epigastric, or shoulder pain
  • N/V after digestion of high-fat foods
  • Positive Murphys sign
  • Dark urine
  • Clay colored stool
A

Galbladder disesae

Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis

NCLEX review (7 decks)

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