F. DRUGS IN SPORT Flashcards
what are the 8 anti-doping rule violations
- prohibited substance/metabolites/markers in athlete’s sample
- use or attempted use or a prohibited substance or prohibited method
- refusing or failing to submit sample
- violation of availability for out-of-competition testing
- tampering or attempted tampering with any part of doping control
- possession of prohibited substances and prohibited methods
- trafficking or attempted trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited method
- administration or attempted administration to any athlete in-competition of any prohibited method or prohibited substance (medical staff)
what is doping
- occurrence of 1 or more anti-doping rule violations
what can cause a ban and stripping of medals
- committing one of the ADRVs
what are the 3 sections of the WADA prohibited list
- substances and methods prohibited at all times
- substances and methods prohibited in competition (ie Olympic Games, World Cup)
- substances prohibited in particular sports
how often is the WADA prohibited list updated
annually
- 2024 list released 1/10/2023
- 2024 list in effect from 1/1/2024
categories for substances and methods prohibited at all times
S0 - Non-approved substances
S1 - Anabolic agents
S2 - Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics
S3 - Beta-2 agonists
S4 - Hormone and metabolic modulators
S5 - Diuretics and other masking agents
M1 - Manipulation of blood and blood components
M2 - Chemical and physical manipulation
M3 - Gene and cell doping
examples of S0 - Non-approved substances
- shouldn’t be seen anyways
- no approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (ie MHRA)
- drugs under pre-clinical/clinical development
- designer drugs
- discontinued drugs
- substances approved only for veterinary use
examples of S1 - Anabolic agents
- testosterone
- stanozolol
examples of S2 - Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics
EPO, goserelin
examples of S3 - Beta-2 agonists
- salbutamol
- formoterol
- salmeterol
exemptions to S3 list for asthma
- inhaled salbutamol: max 1600 micrograms over 24 hours in divided doses. Can’t exceed 600 micrograms over 8 hours starting from any dose
- inhaled formoterol: max delivered dose of 54 micrograms over 24 hours
- inhaled salmeterol: max 200 micrograms over 24 hours
- inhaled vilanterol: max 25 micrograms over 24 hours
examples of S4 - hormone and metabolic mimetics
- letrezole
- anastrezole
- exemestane
- clomifene
- tamoxifen
- insulins
examples of S5 - diuretics and other masking agents
- furosemide
- spironolactone
- amiloride
*gets prohibited drugs out of body quicker
example of M1 - Manipulation of blood and blood components
- taking own blood out then inserting before competition to boost RBCs
- administrationor reintroduction of any quantity of autologous, allogenic (homologous) or heterologous blood, orredblood cell products of any origin into the circulatory system
- artificially enhancing the uptake, transport or delivery of oxygen. Including, but not limited to:Perfluorochemicals; efaproxiral (RSR13) and modified haemoglobin products, e.g. haemoglobin-based blood substitutes and microencapsulated haemoglobin products, excluding supplemental oxygen by inhalation
- any form of intravascular manipulation of the blood or blood components by physical orchemical means
example of M2 - Chemical and physical manipulation
- artificially enhancing uptake of oxygen using modified haemoglobin
- tampering, orattempting totamper,to alter the integrity and validity ofsamplescollected duringdoping control.Including, but not limited to:Samplesubstitution and/or adulteration, e.g. addition of proteases tosample
- intravenous infusions and/or injections of more than a total of 100 mL per 12-hour periodexceptfor those legitimately received in the course of hospital treatments, surgical procedures or clinical diagnostic investigations
example of M3 - Gene and cell doping
- using medicines to alter gene expression
- ie: over-expression of genes that produce fast muscle twitch fibres for a runner
- use of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues that may alter genome sequences and/ or alter gene expression by any mechanism. This includes but is not limited to gene editing, gene silencing and gene transfer technologies
- the use of normal or genetically modified cells