Eyes Diseases Flashcards
What is Hordeolum?
Obstruction & infection of glands of Zeise & meibomian glands
Caused by Staphylococcus aureus, presents as a painful erythematous nodule.
What is the treatment for Hordeolum?
Warm compression, oral antibiotics, incision & curettage (I&C)
These treatments help alleviate symptoms and address the infection.
What defines Chalazion?
Lipogranuloma formation, sterile nodule, often evolves from internal hordeolum
Typically non-painful.
What is Pinguecula?
Small, yellow-white nodule composed of abnormal subepithelial collagen, usually asymptomatic
Commonly found on the bulbar conjunctiva, interpalpebral zone, more nasal than temporal.
What characterizes Pterygium?
Wing-shaped fibrovascular tissue that may invade the cornea
Commonly occurs on bulbar conjunctiva, interpalpebral zone, more nasal than temporal.
What are the treatment options for Pterygium?
Antihistamine eyedrops, short course steroids, patient education, surgery
Treatment depends on severity and symptoms such as induced astigmatism or visual axis occlusion.
What are common symptoms of conjunctivitis?
Eye discharge, irritation, conjunctival injection (hyperemia)
Dilation of conjunctival vessels, onset varies but usually acute.
True or False: Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually bilateral.
False
Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually unilateral.
How does non-infectious conjunctivitis typically present?
Onset varies but usually chronic, can be uni- or bilateral
Symptoms are usually limited to the eye and may have preceding URI symptoms.
What is the role of UV light exposure in eye diseases?
Contributes to the development of Pinguecula and Pterygium
Environmental factors like wind and dust are also involved.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is a painful erythematous nodule caused by infection of the glands of Zeise.
Hordeolum
Caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
What are potential complications of Pterygium?
Induced astigmatism, visual axis occlusion, corneal scarring, restricts ocular motility
Severity of symptoms can vary based on the degree of tissue invasion.
What is a corneal ulcer also known as?
Infectious keratitis
Corneal ulcers can be caused by various pathogens including bacteria, fungus, virus, parasite, and protozoa.
List the common symptoms of a corneal ulcer.
- Pain
- Redness
- Discharge
- Irritation
- Blurry vision
These symptoms can indicate the presence of a corneal ulcer.
What are the signs of a corneal ulcer?
- Corneal infiltration
- Epithelial defect
- Conjunctival injection
- Discharge
- Anterior chamber (AC) reaction (e.g., hypopyon)
Signs help in the clinical diagnosis of corneal ulcers.
What are the risk factors for corneal ulcers?
- Trauma
- Contact lens wear
These factors increase the likelihood of developing a corneal ulcer.
Who should be referred for the treatment of corneal ulcers?
Ophthalmologist
Treatment may involve surgery and management of underlying ocular surface diseases.
What are potential treatments for corneal ulcers?
- Surgery
- Ocular surface disease management (e.g., dry eye, bullous keratopathy)
- Eyelid abnormalities correction
- Chemical injury treatment
- Management of previous herpes infection
- Topical ocular medications (e.g., anesthesia, steroids)
- Addressing systemic diseases in immunocompromised hosts
Treatment varies based on the underlying cause and severity.
What is a cataract?
Opacity of the crystalline lens
Cataracts can significantly affect vision.
What are the etiologies of cataracts?
- Congenital
- Senile
- Trauma
- Secondary
Each type can lead to different presentations and management approaches.
Can cataracts be unilateral or bilateral?
Yes, cataracts can be unilateral or bilateral and may have asymmetry in severity
This variability can impact vision differently in each eye.
What are common symptoms of cataracts?
- Blurry vision
- Refractive change
- Monocular diplopia
- Decreased contrast sensitivity
- Lens-induced glaucoma
These symptoms can signal the presence of cataracts and their progression.
What is the definitive treatment for cataracts?
Surgery
Surgery is often necessary when cataracts significantly impair vision.
What is the initial correction for cataracts?
Glasses correction
This may be a temporary measure until surgery is performed.
What is Post. Vitreous Degeneration (PVD)?
Aging/predisposing trigger leads to liquefaction of the vitreous, causing symptoms like floaters and flashing.
What is retinal detachment (RD)?
Separation of neurosensory retina from RPE, which can be due to trauma or non-trauma.
What are common symptoms of retinal detachment?
Asymptomatic, floaters, flashes, scotomas.
What are the types of diabetic retinopathy?
Type 1 and Type 2.
What does CRAO stand for?
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion.
What is CRAO also known as?
Stroke of the eye.
What are the symptoms of CRAO?
Sudden painless unilateral visual loss, white quiet eye.
What is glaucoma?
Chronic progressive optic neuropathy characterized by raised IOP, structural damage to the ONH, and visual field defect.
What are the symptoms of early glaucoma?
Asymptomatic, pain, red eye, peripheral visual loss.
What is AACG?
Acute angle closure glaucoma.
What are the symptoms of AACG?
Acute unilateral painful red eye, sudden visual loss, halo.
What are the signs of AACG?
Markedly elevated IOP, ciliary injection, corneal edema/haze, mid dilated pupil.
What does DED stand for?
Dry eye disease.
What is dry eye disease?
A tear film abnormality causing ocular discomfort and fluctuating vision.
What are some symptoms of dry eye disease?
- Ocular discomfort * Fluctuation of vision * Teary eye * Eye redness * Gritty or scratchy feeling
What are the types of refractive disorders?
- Emmetropia * Myopia * Hyperopia * Astigmatism
What are the assessment questions for eyelid laceration?
- Is there any fat exposure? * Is there any lid margin involvement? * Does the laceration extend into the eyelid?
What is subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Sudden appearance of well-defined bright redness of the conjunctiva.
What are symptoms of corneal abrasion?
Watery eye, mild injection.
What is hyphema?
Presence of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.
Is ocular chemical injury considered a true ocular trauma emergency?
True.
What are the options for refractive correction?
- Glass correction * Refractive laser surgery
