Eyes and Ears

Question 1

Conjunctivitis

Answer 1

• pink eye
• virus
• caused by staph or strep

Question 2

Pterygium

Answer 2

• “surfer’s eye”
• non-cancerous growth that starts in the conjunctiva and grows to cover the sclera and cornea
• often raised and contains visible blood vessels

Question 3

Hyperopia

Answer 3

farsightedness

Question 4

Myopia

Answer 4

nearsightedness

Question 5

astigmatism

Answer 5

an imperfection in the curvature of your cornea

Question 6

Cycloplegia

Answer 6

loss of accommodation

Question 7

presbyopia

Answer 7

decrease of accommodation (normal with aging)

Question 8

lensopasity

Answer 8

interferes with transmission

Question 9

retinopaty

Answer 9

problems in small retinal blood vessels

Question 10

microaneurysms

Answer 10

• type of retinopathy
• outpouching of vasculature
• leak plasma

Question 11

neovasccularization

Answer 11

• type of retinopathy

- new vessels are formed that are more fragile

Question 12

opacities

Answer 12

• loss of retinal transparency

- cotton-wool patches– hazy, irregular outlines

Question 13

retinal detachment

Answer 13

• the retina separated from pigment epithelium

- fluid accumulates between two retinal layers

Question 14

macular degeneration: geographic atrophy– “dry”

Answer 14

Degeneration of outer retinal and pigmented epithelium

Question 15

macular degeneration: neovascular– “wet”

Answer 15

• Choroidal neovascular membrane forms
• Blood vessels leak
• Fluid buildup pushes the retina away from pigmented epithelium

Question 16

open-angle glaucoma

Answer 16

• Iridocorneal angle remains open
• Trabecular meshwork abnormality decreases the rate of aqueous humor reabsorption
• Gradual buildup of aqueous humor

Question 17

angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 17

• Angle is closed so aqueous humor cannot flow into the trabecular meshwork
• Iris is displaced forward (Usually due to iris thickening caused by pupil dilation)
• Rapid buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber

Question 18

eustachian tube abnormalities

Answer 18

abnormal patency, obstruction

Question 19

middle ear inflammation

Answer 19

could be acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion

Question 20

complications of otitis media

Answer 20

• mastoiditis: infection spreads to the mastoid bone

- cholesteatoma: abnormal skin growth behind the ear drum

Question 21

otosclerosis

Answer 21

formation of new spongy bone

Question 22

conductive hearing loss

Answer 22

• stimuli not conducted to the inner ear

- wax

Question 23

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 23

• stimuli conducted into the ear

- cochlear apparatus or auditory nerve abnormalities prevent conduction to the brain

Question 24

Peripheral vestibular disorders (2)

Answer 24

• benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (most common cause of pathological vertigo, usually happens after 40)
• Meniere disease- disorder of the inner ear that causes epidosdes of vertigo, progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and sometimes a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear