Eyes Anatomy Flashcards
Which cells are involved in the regeneration of the cornea?
Limbal stem cells in the corneoscleral limbus
Where do the tears drain into?
Superior and inferior lacrimal punctum and then into the nasolacrimal duct
Which layer of the eye contains blood vessels?
Episclera (Outer layer surrounding the sclera)
and Choroid
What are the two parts of the conjunctiva?
Bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
Describe the structure of the conjunctiva
The conjunctiva is a thin, translucent membrane that contains glands which secretes mucin.
What are the components of the tear film? Superior to inferior layer.
State the cells/glands that produces each layer.
superior: lipids (Meibomian glands) - superficial lipid layer
Middle: Aqueous (Lacrimal glands)
Inferior: Mucus (Conjunctival goblet cells)
Does the cornea merge with the sclera, choroid or retina?
Sclera
What are the components of the anterior uvea and the posterior uvea?
anterior uvea: iris and ciliary body
Posterior uvea: Choroid
What are the states of the zonular fibres and ciliary bodies during accomodation as the eye sees something near?
The ciliary muscle contracts and the zonular fibres relax, causing the lens to be thicker on seeing near objects.
In myopia, are the eyes shorter or longer than the normal eye diameter/length?
Longer.
What is another term for long-sightedness?
Hypermetropia
What is retrograde and anterograde flow in the nerve fibres of the eyes? TSM1.43
Retrograde flow is towards the cell body, away from optic disk.
Anterograde flow is away from the cell body, towards the optic disk.
What is seen in diabetic retinopathy? What does this sign indicate?
Cotton wool spots.
Signs of ischaemia
Cherry red spot indicates?
Central retinal artery occlusion.
Retinal haemorrhage indicates?
Central retinal vein occlusion
How are cataracts removed?
By Ultrasound
Where are the Meibomian glands located?
Eyelids
What produces the aqueous humour?
Ciliary body
Fill in the blanks: Innervation of dilator papillae:
a) Parasympathetic or Sympathetic fibres via (b) _____ nerve of CN (c)_____ synapse in (d)_____ ganglion.
Dilator pupillae: Sympathetic fibres via nasociliary nerve of CNV1 ophthalmic branch of vagus nerve, synapse in superior cervical ganglion
Fill in the blanks: Innervation of sphincter papillae:
a) Parasympathetic or Sympathetic fibres via (b) ____ nerve of CN (c) _____ synapse in (d)_____ ganglion.
Sphincter pupillae: Parasympathetic fibres via oculomotor nerve of CNIII, synapse in ciliary ganglion.
Fill in the blanks: Ciliary muscles:
a) Parasympathetic or Sympathetic fibres via (b) _____ nerve synapse in (c) _____ ganglion.
Ciliary muscles: Parasympathetic fibres via oculomotor nerve synapse in ciliary ganglion
Fill in the blanks: Lacrimal gland:
Postganglionic (a) Parasympathetic or Sympathetic secretomotor fibres carried in (b)____ nerve of CN (c)______
Preganglionic fibres carried in (d) _____ nerve synapse in (e)______ ganglion.
Sympathetic fibres are (f) secretomotor or vasomotor nerve, via (g) ______
Lacrimal gland: Postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibres carried in lacrimal nerve of CNV1.
Preganglionic fibres from facial nerve, synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion.
Sympathetic nerves are vasomotor nerves via periarterial plexus.
Which nerve innervates the dilator pupillae? Short or long ciliary nerve?
Long ciliary nerve
Does the long ciliary nerve synapse the ciliary ganglion?
no, only the short ciliary nerve
Which nerve innervates the ciliary body and iris? Short or long ciliary nerve?
Short ciliary nerve (post synaptic parasympathetic nerve) synapse the ciliary body
