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Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Eyes > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is Protanopia?

A

Reduced sensitivity to red light

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2
Q

What is Deuteranopia?

A

Reduced sensitivity to green light

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3
Q

What is Tritanopia?

A

Reduced sensitivity to blue light. Inability to differentiate between blue and yellow light.

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4
Q

What is RAPD? Define and explain.

A

RAPD - Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
A condition in which pupils respond differently to light shone in one eye at a time due to unilateral or asymmetrical disease of the retina or optic nerve. The affected eye will usually show less constriction of pupils when light is shone into it.

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5
Q

What is Marcus Gunn Pupil?

A

Marcus Gunn Pupil is the affected pupil in RAPD

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6
Q

What test is done to detect RAPD? Describe what is observed from the test.

A

Swinging flashlight test.
Shining into unaffected eye: Normal pupillary constriction from both eyes
Shining into affected eye: Less pupillary constriction

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7
Q

A lesion to the oculomotor nerve causes paralysis of which muscle? What is the sign/symptom?

What can a lesion to the facial nerve result in?

A

Oculomotor nerve supplies the levator palpabrae superioris. Damage to CNIII will lead to full ptosis (drooping of eyelids).
Facial nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi. Paralysis to the orbicularis oculi and lead to difficulty in cloosing the eyelids fully.

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8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of angle closure glaucoma?

A

Symptoms: Pain, Haloes, Hyperopia, Nausea and vomiting
Signs: Mid dilated fixed pupil, cloudy cornea, elevated IOP

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis

A

Symptoms: Pain, Redness, Reduced vision, Recent surgery or infection, Immunocompromised
Signs: Reduced vision, cells in Anterior chamber AC/hypopyon, cloudy cornea, vitreous cells

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10
Q

What is the manangement of endophthalmitis?

A

Managed as an ocular emergency.

Urgent vitreous biopsy and intravitreal antibiotics

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11
Q

What is the management of acute closure glaucoma?

A

Managed as an ocular emergency.

YAG laser iridotomy. Medical management

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12
Q

Which condition has dendritic ulceration?

What treatment is given?

A

Herpes Simplex Conjunctivitis.

Topical Aciclovir

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13
Q

What are the symptoms for Allergic Conjunctivitis?

What are the treatments for Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A

Watery, Itchy, Chemosis, Palpebral papilla

Management: Topical and Oral antihistamines

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of corneal ulcers?

A

Symptoms: Painful, Blurred vision
Signs: Hyperaemia, Corneal defect
History of contact lenses or abrasion.

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15
Q

What is the management of corneal ulcers?

A

Antibiotics, if corneal scratch from contact lenses, take CL for culture

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16
Q

Is the vision affected in episcleritis?

A

No, vision is normal.

17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of episcleritis?

A

Acute onset, mild discomfort, engorged episcleral blood vessels extending radially

18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of scleritis?

A

Subacute onset, severe boring pain, pain is worsened with eye movements and at night
Signs: Sectoral or diffused redness
Scleral, episcleral, and conjunctival vessels all involved, tender globe

19
Q

Which condition will have cells in Anterior Chamber and have peri-limbal hyperaemia?
State the other signs and symptoms of this condition.

A

Acute Anterior Uveitis.

Photophobia, pain, blurred vision, abnormal pupil, Cells in AC and peri-limbal hyperaemia

20
Q

What is the management of acute anterior uveitis?

A

Topical steroids and topical mydriatic

21
Q

What are the possible causes of subconjunctival haemorrhage?

A

Recent constipation, cough, or straining

22
Q

What is hyphaema. Describe the signs and symptoms

A

Caused by trauma to the eyes, blood seen in anterior chamber. Photosensitivity and acute blurred vision.

23
Q

What is Pinguecula/Pterygium?

A

Conjunctival thickening with mild irritation

24
Q

Give examples of conditions that cause painless sudden loss of vision.

A 
Vitreous haemorrhage,
Retinal detachment
Central retinal artery/vein occlusion
Wet age-related macular degeneration
Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy
25
Q

Hypertension can lead to central retinal artery or vein occlusion?

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

26
Q

Dry age related macular degenration causes sudden or gradual vision loss?

A

Gradual visual loss

Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) and Eyes (7 decks)

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