Eyes Flashcards
Which eye disorder is this?
Cataracts
What cause cataracts?
Damaged crystalline proteins in the eye lens
affects the opacity of the eye (FRONT OF EYE)
Manifestations of cataracts?
- Opaque lens
- reduced light refraction
- blurred vision
- difficulty distinguishing colors
Risk factors of cataracts?
- Age
- blunt trauma
- UV light exposure
Which eye condition is the leading cause of blindness? Which is the second?
1st = Cataracts
2nd = Glaucoma
Pre-Op ECCE with IOL for cataracts?
- eye drops
Post-Op ECCE with IOL for cataracts?
- eye drops (antibiotics/NSAIDS)
- night-time shielding
Cataract complications
- blindness
- Post surgical: infection, bleeding, glaucoma
Which eye disorder is this?
glaucoma
What is causes glaucoma?
-
Increased intraocular pressure compresses the
blood vessels and optic nerves - oxygenation to the internal eye structures diminishes
- The optic nerves and photoreceptors eventually die due to inadequate perfusion, causing blindness
Galucoma risk factors?
- Older age
- Drug-induced pupil dilation
- African Americans (the leading cause of blindness in this population)
Glaucoma manifestations?
- peripheral vision loss
- “tunnel vision”
What is the normal range for intraocular pressure? Closed-angle? Open angle?
Normal range: 10-21 mmHg
Closed: 22-32 mmHg
Open: >50
Glaucoma diagnostic
Tonometry: measures intraocular pressure
Chronic Glaucoma Management
What surgical procedure are used for chronic open-angle glaucoma?
Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT): stimulates scarring and contraction of the trabecular meshwork
Trabeculectomy
Goal: improving aqueous outflow to lower eye pressure
Acute Glaucoma Management
What surgical procedure are used for acute closed-angle glaucoma?
- Laser peripheral iridotomy
- Surgical iridectomy
What eye disorder is this?
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
What are the two types of AMD?
Dry AMD (85%) – Gradual breakdown of macular photoreceptors, development of drusen.
Wet AMD (15%) – Rapid progression with growth of fragile, leaky subretinal blood vessels.
What are the risk factors for AMD?
- Advanced age
- UV exposure
- Being over 50 w/o apparent cause
AMD manifestation
Painless blurring of central vision
AMD management
What are the surgical treatment options for AMD?
Laser Therapy – Seals leaky blood vessels
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) – Uses verteporfin (Visudyne®), a photosensitive IV drug, activated by infrared light to seal new blood vessels (may reopen over time)
What eye disorder is this?
Diabetic Retinopathy
What causes Diabetic Retinopathy?
- damage to the small blood vessels and neurons of the retina
- primarily affecting the back of the eye
- common complication of diabetes
Diabetic retinopathy risk factors
- Type I diabetes >100% in 20-years
- Type II diabetes >60% in 20-years
Longer client has DM, greater the risk of some degree of retinopathy
