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OPT 114 > Eyelids (M1) > Flashcards

Eyelids (M1) Flashcards

1
Q

location of upper eyelid

A

extend from conjunctival fornix to superior orbital rim

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2
Q

location of lower eyelid

A

extend from conjunctival fornix to nasojugal and palpebromalar sulci

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3
Q

location of lateral canthus

A

medial to lateral orbit rim.
lies on globe

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4
Q

palpebral fissure

A

opening between UL and LL.
horizontally: about 30 mm
vertically: about 10 mm

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5
Q

location of medial canthus

A

at medial orbital rim.
separated from globe by lacrimal lake

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6
Q

vertical palpebral fissure equation

A

VPF = MRD-1 - MRD-2
marginal reflex distance-1 (MRD-1) : distance between corneal reflex and UL
marginal reflex distance-2 (MRD-2) : distance between corneal reflex and LL

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7
Q

normal MRD1 and MRD 2 distance

A

MRD-1: 4-4.5 mm
MRD-2: >5 mm

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8
Q

qualities of eyelid skin

A

folds easily, very flexible –> important for blinking.
thinnest skin in the body

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9
Q

differences in eyelid and eyebrow skin

A
  1. dermis is thinner in eyelid
  2. dermis has less adnexal structures in eyelid
  3. minimal hypodermis in orbital region and absent in tarsal region
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10
Q

what is the composition and function of the tarsal plate

A

composition: dense connective tissue
function: give eyelid structure and rigidity

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11
Q

location of superior tarsus

A

extends from eyelid margin to superior palpebral sulcus

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12
Q

location of inferior tarsus

A

extends from eyelid margin to inferior palpebral sulcus

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13
Q

tarsal plate attachments

A

medial and palpebral ligaments (aka. canthal tendons).
superior tarsus: levator aponeurosis and superior tarsal muscle (Muller’s muscle)
inferior tarsus: capsulopalpebral fascia and inferior tarsal muscle

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14
Q

composition of orbital septum

A

sheet of dense connective tissue

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15
Q

general location of orbital septum

A

entire rim of orbit to tarsal plate

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16
Q

orbital septum UL attachments

A

becomes thickening of periosteum at superior orbital rim.
distal fibers merge with levator aponeurosis about 3-5 mm above tarsal plate

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17
Q

orbital septum LL attachments

A

becomes thickening of periosteum at inferior orbital rim.
distal fibers merge with capsulopalpebral fascia several mm below tarsal plate

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18
Q

function of orbital septum

A

separates eyelids and lacrimal sac from orbit to prevent infections from entering the orbit and also holds fat in place

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19
Q

composition of orbicularis oculi muscle

A

skeletal muscle

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20
Q

function of orbicularis oculi muscle

A

protractor of UL and LL.
contraction closes lids

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21
Q

origination and insertion of orbicularis oculi muscle

A

origination: medial orbital rim (maxillary and lacrimal bones)
insertion: lateral palpebral ligament

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22
Q

2 regions of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

orbital and palpebral

23
Q

2 regions of palpebral region

A

preseptal and pretarsal

23
Q

fiber type, location, and contraction of orbital region

A

fiber: concentric
location: orbital rim to forehead, temple, and cheek
contraction: closes eyelids tightly, depresses eyebrows

23
Q

location of preseptal region

A

in front of orbital septum

23
Q

fiber type, location, and contraction of palpebral region

A

fiber: superior and inferior semilunar
location: lateral palpebral ligament across eyelid to medial palpebral ligament
contraction: closes eyelids gently

24
Q

location of pretarsal region

A

in front of tarsal plate

24
Q

composition of levator palpebral muscle

A

skeletal muscle

24
Q

2 areas of pretarsal region

A

riolan’s muscle and horner’s muscle

25
Q

antagonist of orbicularis oculi

A

levator palpebrae: innervated by CN VII - opens eye
frontalis muscles: innervated by CN VII - raises brow

26
Q

function of levator palpebral muscle

A

main retractor of UL

27
Q

what is levator palpebral muscle anterior to

A

superior rectus

28
Q

antagonist of levator palpebral muscle

A

orbicularis oculi muscle

29
Q

composition of tarsal muscle (Mullers muscle)

A

smooth muscle

30
Q

function of tarsal muscle

A

accessory retractor of ULs and LLs.
contraction opens eyelids

31
Q

origination and insertion of tarsal muscle UL

A

origination: levator muscle, about 10 mm above tarsus
insertion: superior border of tarsus / 2-5 mm below

32
Q

origination and insertion of tarsal muscle LL

A

origination: capsulopalpebral fascia
insertion: lower border of tarsus

33
Q

composition of capsulopalpebral fascia

A

connective tissue sheet

34
Q

function of capsulopalpebral fascia

A

main retractor of LLs

35
Q

capsulopalpebral fascia location

A

arise from Lockwood’s ligament and sheath of IR and IO.
course up to fuse with orbital septum 4-5 mm below tarsus –> forms common fascial sheet

36
Q

capsulopalpebral fascia attachments

A

lower border of tarsus, muscle fibers of orbicularis oculi, and skin

37
Q

capsulopalpebral fascia attachments to skin

A

inferior palpebral sulcus.
- fold/groove 5 mm below LL margin
- divides eyelid into tarsal and septal regions
- less marked than superior sulcus

38
Q

where is palpebral conjunctiva

A

thin, transparent membrane that lines the underside of lids

39
Q

cells and glands in the palpebral conjunctiva

A

goblet cells
accessory lacrimal glands of krause and wolfring

40
Q

3 layers of the eyelid

A

anterior lamella:
- skin
- orbicularis oculi
middle lamella:
- orbital septum
- retractor muscles
posterior lamella:
- tarsal plate
- palpebral conjunctiva

41
Q

grey line

A

divides anterior and posterior lamallae
location: between meibomian gland openings and eyelashes
surgical landmark for anterior border of Riolan’s muscle

42
Q

location and function of eyelashes

A

location: ciliary portion
function: protect eye with blink response - shield from outside

43
Q

glands in eyelid margin

A

glands of Zeis
- holocrine, sebaceous
- secrete sebum
- lubricate eyelid margin
glands of Moll
- apocrine, sweat
- secrete sweat
- function: unknown

44
Q

lacrimal papilla/puncta

A

papilla: mound of tissue
- location: lacrimal portion
puncta: hole in center of papilla
- beginning of nasolacrimal drainage system

45
Q

mucocutaneous junction

A

line of marx.
location: ciliary and lacrimal portion of eyelid margin
transition zone b/t palpebral conjunctiva and skin

46
Q

lid wiper region

A

location: ciliary and lacrimal portion of eyelid margin, posterior to mucocutaneous junction
elevated strip of palpebral conjunctiva

47
Q

meibomian gland orifices

A

location: ciliary portion of eyelid margin - in a row
function: secretes oils (lipids) onto skin in front of mucocutaneous junction whenever you blink

48
Q

what is the general function of the eyelid

A

protect the globe:
- stimulation of sensory nerves –> contraction of orbicularis oculi
- eyelid protracts to protect the globe

49
Q
A

OPT 114 (22 decks)

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