Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM II > Eye Exam > Flashcards

Eye Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What hx do you get from someone with eye complaints?

A
  • glasses/contacts
  • eye infections
  • recent travel/activities
  • current eye issues
  • pregnant?
  • age
  • injuries/trauma
  • surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When they say muscle pain, why might you think of eye problems?

A

Autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What disease can be involved in eye problems? medications?

A 
 Glaucoma
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Thyroid disease
 ASCD
 Collagen Vascular Disease
 HIV
 Inflammatory bowel disease
 Steroids
 Plaquenil
 Antihistamines 
 Antidepressants 
 Antipsychotics  
 Antiarrhythmics 
 Beta Blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What external parts should you note upon inspection?

A
  • eyebrows
  • periorbital area
    • swollen eyes: allergies renal probs, trauma…
    • allergic shiners (seasonal allergies)
      • xanthomas (check cholesterol levels)
      • exophthalmos
      • dacrocystitis
      • rash (to hairline - herpes zoster; pustules (acne))
  • eyelids/lashes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is good to note about the lids inverting or everting?

A
  • increases their risk of infection

- refer to eye doctor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a hordeolum? chalazion?

A
  1. blocked meibomian gland (inner margin), or tear eyelash follicle or tear gland
    - tender/painful
    - along the lash line
  2. blocked meibomian gland
    - non tender/non painful unless infected
    - in the lid
    - can lead to vision problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is blepharitis?

A
  • inflammation of eyelid that affects eyelashes or tear production
  • common in older population
  • can lose eyelashes if not treated
  • baby shampoo 3-4x to treat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is unique about the lacrimal apparatus?

A

AI can affect it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should the conjunctiva look like?

A

clear

  • Erythema (subjunctive hemorrhage)
  • Purulence (pink eye, conjunctivitis)
  • Pterygium (triangle shaped things in the eye from sun exposure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do we test for corneal abrasions?

A
  • fluorescein stain and a blue light to visualize
  • typically they heal fast
  • important to check for foreign bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A
  • whitish linear lipid deposition encircling the colored iris
  • common over 60
  • if under 40, check cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is important to check with the red reflex?

A
  • they should be equal
  • yellow or gray: could be a cataract or normal in people with increased melanin
  • brown speckles: cataract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does brown/gray spots in the sclera mean? blue? yellow?

A
    • can be birthmarks
      - can be associated with increased risk for glaucoma (rarely melanoma)
  2. inherited, seen frequently with brittle bone disease
  3. “icterus”, causes neonatal, liver disease, pancreatic cancer, GB disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is nevus Ota?

A

a birthmark of blue deposition around eyelid/sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you document eye muscles?

A

EOMI (extra ocular muscles intact)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vertical nystagmus is always…

A

bad

*horizotnal can be seen at extremities

17
Q

When do you do the cover/uncover test?

A
  • imbalance of corneal light reflex
  • esotropia: eye turn in
  • exotropia: eye turn out
18
Q

What happens if strabismus is not treated?

A
  • you lose vision in that eye

- -> lazy eye (amblyopia)

19
Q

What should you do to check the iris/pupil?

A

darken the room

*documented PERRLA

20
Q

What should you do before dilating the eyes?

A
  • check for a shallow chamber

* a shallow anterior chamber may represent acute angle glaucoma (can lead to an ocular emergency)

21
Q

What does disc cupping indicate? differences in disc color?

A
  1. glaucoma

2. can be normal as it varies with ethnicity

22
Q

What is smaller: arterioles or venules?

A

arterioles

*but arterioles are brighter due to oxygenated blood

23
Q

What do cotton wool spots indicate? retinal proliferation

A
  • vascular disease from HTN or DM

- HTN or DM

24
Q

What is a precursor to macular degeneration?

A
  • drusen bodies

PCM II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions