Endocrine Flashcards
What is the most common cause of hypocalcemia?
hypothyroidism
What are signs of hypocalcemia?
seizures, anxiety, edema, weakness, numbness, hypotension,
What is Chvostek Sign?
tap on facial nerve to elicit spasms, and can be a sign of hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcemia
What is Trousseau’s Sign?
have BP cuff squeeze brachial artery, and hold for a few minutes to see if the hand spasms
-test for hypoparathyroidism/hypocalcemia
What causes hypercalcemia? symptoms?
- hyperparathyroidism
- adenomas (benign or malignant)
- Renal failure, Vit D deficiency
-lethargy, weakness, polyuria, constipation, syncope from arrhythmias
What is the mnemonic for hypercalcemia?
Stones, bones, groans, thrones, psychiatric overtones
What can cause hypothyroidism?
- Hashimoto’s
- Medications
- Pregnancy
- Treatment for hyperthyroidism
- Thyroidectomy
What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?
constipation, depression, fatigue, pale/dry skin, sensitivity to cold, elevated cholesterol levels, dry/brittle nails and hair, and weight gain
What are causes of hyperthyroidism?
- Grave’s disease
- toxic nadular or multinodular goiter
- Thyroiditis
- Excessive consumption of iodine or meds
- Pregnancy or first year after brith
What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
hand tremors, mood swings, anxiety, rapid HR, skin dryness, trouble sleeping, weight loss
What are primary causes of Addison’s? secondary?
- AI > TB > chronic infections, surgical removal, cancer
- Sudden stop of exogenous glucocorticoids, surgical removal of ACTH producing tumor, pituitary gland suddenly stops producing ACTH
What are symptoms of Addison’s (adrenal insufficiency)?
skin darkening, skin folds, pressure points, N/V/D, salty food craving, weight loss, loss of appetite, irritability, hypoglycemia
What is the class Grave’s sign?
exophthalmos “proptosis”
bulging of the eyes
What are symptoms of Cushing syndrome?
fatigue, headaches, backaches, swelling, acne, hair loss
What are some classic signs of cushing syndrome?
- round/red face
- purplish streaks across skin (striae)
- unusual buildup of fatty tissue b/t the shoulder blades
- unusual buildup of fatty tissue in abdomen with thin extremities
- easy bruising
- excess facial/body hair growth
