Eye conditions

Question 1

red eye
no pain or visual disturbance

Answer 1

Subconjunctival haematoma

CAUSES
shock/ damage to the eyes
tiredness/ sleep deprived
stress
broken blood vessels

MANAGEMENT
observe and monitor
avoid irritants (rubbing eyes)
artificial tears
protective eyewear (if from trauma)

Question 2

general redness of the eye

Answer 2

Simple vasodilation

CAUSES
local irritation or allergy
sleep deprivation

MANAGEMENT
cold compress
allergy medications
rest and sleep
hydration
reduce screen time
vasoconstrictor to reduce vasodilation (short term use only)

Question 3

mucus discharge
both eyes or unilateral

Answer 3

Bacterial conjunctivitis

CAUSES
bacteria
contagious spread
poor hygiene
improper use of contact lenses
eye trauma/injury

MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
self-limiting
avoid rubbing of eyes
use separate towels
warm compress
CHLORAMPHENICOL

Question 4

red eye
effects both eyes
watery discharge
associated with cough and cold symptoms

Answer 4

Viral conjunctivitis

CAUSES
virus

MANAGEMENT
hygiene
don’t rub eyes
do not share towels
wash hands often
NO TREATMENT

Question 5

red eye
itchy eye
watery discharge
both eyes affected

Answer 5

Allergic conjunctivitis

CAUSES
allergy
hay fever

MANAGEMENT
avoidance of allergy
cold compress
eye protection
artificial tears
NO TREATMENT

Question 6

insufficient tears
not producing enough tears
poor quality of tears

Answer 6

Dry eye

CAUSES
age
environmental factors
medications

MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
artificial tears (hypromellose)
carbomer
lubricants
blink regularly
take breaks during screen time

Question 7

eye redness
swelling
blurred vision

Answer 7

Herpes

CAUSES
caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
refer
prescribed medication: eye drops and ointments
no contact lenses until the treatment is finished

Question 8

swollen eyelash duct with inflammation and pain
awareness of swollen lid as field of view modified

Answer 8

Styes

CAUSES
eyelash follicle or gland becomes infected

MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
usually resolves spontaneously
a warm compress may open pores

Question 9

inflammation of eyelids
skin flakes around lashes
irritation
vision not impaired
burning, soreness

Answer 9

Blepharitis

CAUSES
bacterial infection
clogging of oil glands in the eyelids which causes inflammation

MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
apply warm compress to eyelids
try to avoid touching eye
no treatment
Broline eye drops