Eye Conditions Flashcards by Tristan Anderson-Woodsworth

What is the cornea

The transparent, anterior portion of the eye with pain receptors,

but not blood vessels

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What is the sclera?

White part of the eye

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What is conjunctiva?

Membrane covering the sclera and inside the eyelids blood vessel supply

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How quickly should eye conditions be checked on?

2 Days

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What are worrisome symptoms of a black eye?

Changes in vision
Pain
Infection
Behavioural changes
Nausea
Move eye
Blood in eye itself
Lacerations to eye

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How long does a black eye take to recede?

2 weeks

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How should one treat a black eye?

Ice packs to your eye for 15-20 minutes an hour every hour

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How should foreign bodies be removed from eye

Gently rinsing or eye bath, If it doesnt work then you should never attempt to remove it

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What should we tell patients who have irritated eye?

Saline rinse, but get it checked out

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What is the protocol for chemical spills in eye

Rinse, remove contacts, MD

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What is the protocol for radiant energy of the eyes?

Cool compress, non-medicated eye drops and sunglasses

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What are the non-medicated eye drops we talked about?

Murine and systane ultra, normal saline

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Why do we avoid medicated eye relief products for radiant energy?

It effects the blood vessels

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What happens to if the tear film is compromised?

Dry spots on the eye surface which can causes redness of the eye

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What are the two main causes of dry eyes?

Evaporative dry eye
Aqueous deficient

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What causes evaporative dry eyes?

Blocked glands

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What causes aqueous deficient?

Eye dont make enough water

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What percentage of people benefit from artificial tears?

15%

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Why can dry eyes cause more tearing?

These tears are try to compensate for dry eyes, but they lack the lipids required in dry eyes

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What is blepharitis?

Oil glands compromised leading to scaling around the eyes

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What medications can cause dry eyes?

Actuante and drugs with anticholinergic effects

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What is Sjogrens syndrome?

Dry eyes, mouth and arthritic joint pain

Symptoms should not be ignored

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What are the treatments of Dry Eyes?

Artificial Tears (Ingredients dont matter)

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Why would someone want to avoid preservatives in the eyes?

To avoid less use of chemicals in the eyes

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What is genteal?

Liquigel that turns gel like in the eye

What is Hylo?

Hylo is a preservative-free eye dropper that does not go back into the eye Very expensive though

What is thealoz Duo?

Preservative free agent

Which products for dry eyes should be tried first?

Systanes and Refresh Then try Hylo or thealoz after

What is Clear eyes Pure?

Has no preservatives filter in it to help

When dealing with dry eyes we want to?

Treat quick and dont hold back on the products

What does Restasis/cyclopsorine does for the eyes?

reduces inflammation in the eyes and tear ducts, helps improve the body's ability to make tears

How long does cyclosporin take to work?

1 month-6month for full effect

What do Omega 3s do for dry eyes

Not a whole lot of evidence these help

What is lifitegrast/xiidra?

An Anti-inflammatory agent for the eye takes longer then a couple months

Varenicline /Tyrvaya

Increases tear film

What is MGB?

Contributes to dry eyes

What is the etiology of a stye?

Generally a staph Aureus infection in an eyelash follicle

What is the treatment of a stye?

Warm compress, possibly oral antibiotics

What is a chalazion?

Obstruction of an oil gland, if unknown though refer

Treatments for a chalazion

Warm compresses or massage

What is Conjunctival hyperemia?

It is the irritation of the microlayer

What is a sub-conjunctival hemorrhage?

blood shot eyes

What is the treatment for Conjunctival hyperemia?

Generally caused by irritants, but we would consider eye washes, then topical decongestants for red eye Phenylephrine Naphazoline terahydrolizine oxymetazoline

When would we not use topical decongestants?

Season allergies Chronic redness Contact lens problems

What is brimonidine?

This is a topical solution that does not cause rebound redness QID Acts on alpha-2 receptors

What is blepharitis etiology?

Disorder of Meibomian glands

What are the symptoms of blepharitis?

inflammation of eyelid margins with scales, causes dryness

When should blepharitis be referred?

Usually always.

What are the causes of blepharitis?

Bacterial causes or Seborrheic

What is the treatment regimen for bacterial blepharitis?

Topical antibiotics Blephamide

What is the treatment regimen for seborrheic blephamatis?

Treat scalp, warm compress. Massage tx lasts 3 weeks and up to months

What are the treatments for allergic conjunctivitis?

Cool compress/allergen avoidance Topical antihistamine (They contain decongestants though) Oral antihistamine (Low likelyhood of helping) Topical cromolyn Decongestant Oral steroids

What topical antihistamines are better?

Rx, emedastine or ketotifen

What is Cromolyn?

Mast cell stabilizer used for treatment for allergic conjunctivitis

What are the three cromolyn products?

Patanol (Preferred) BID Alocril BID Alomide and cromolyn QID

How long do mast cell stabilizers take to work?

1 day usually

What is the concern of topical ocular steroids?

Concerns with inter ocular pressure and cataracts

What is the topical steroids we talked about?

Loteprednol

What is the difference between with infectious conjunctivitis?

Generally starts in 1 eye and moves to the 2nd eye

What is the difference between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis?

Viral ause profuse tears Bacterial causes exudate/stuck shut in AM

What is the key clinical finding of allergic conjunctivitis vs other conjunctivitis

Itchy eyes

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

Antibiotic treatment

What are the bacterial conjunctivitis topical agents we could use?

Gramicidin Polymyxin B Polysporin for pink eye

What is periorbital cellulitis?

Cellulitis of the eyes that causes tenderness of the eye and surrounding region. Requires aggressive treatment

What are floaters?

Bubbles we see in the corner of eyes

What is blepharospasm?

Twitches in the eyelids

What is the treatment of an obstructed tear duct?

most clear on their own

What is Age related macular Degeneration?

Dry (Fat deposits) and wet types

What is the difference between AMD, Glaucoma and Cataract?

Black middle, loss of peripheral vision, blury vision

What is our prevention of AMD leading from the intermediate to advanced stage

AREDS

What is the difference between AREDs for smokers vs non smokers?

Does not contain beta carotene