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Pharm 154 > Eye Conditions > Flashcards

Eye Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cornea

A

The transparent, anterior portion of the eye with pain receptors,

but not blood vessels

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2
Q

What is the sclera?

A

White part of the eye

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3
Q

What is conjunctiva?

A

Membrane covering the sclera and inside the eyelids blood vessel supply

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4
Q

How quickly should eye conditions be checked on?

A

2 Days

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5
Q

What are worrisome symptoms of a black eye?

A

Changes in vision
Pain
Infection
Behavioural changes
Nausea
Move eye
Blood in eye itself
Lacerations to eye

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6
Q

How long does a black eye take to recede?

A

2 weeks

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7
Q

How should one treat a black eye?

A

Ice packs to your eye for 15-20 minutes an hour every hour

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8
Q

How should foreign bodies be removed from eye

A

Gently rinsing or eye bath, If it doesnt work then you should never attempt to remove it

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9
Q

What should we tell patients who have irritated eye?

A

Saline rinse, but get it checked out

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10
Q

What is the protocol for chemical spills in eye

A

Rinse, remove contacts, MD

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11
Q

What is the protocol for radiant energy of the eyes?

A

Cool compress, non-medicated eye drops and sunglasses

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12
Q

What are the non-medicated eye drops we talked about?

A

Murine and systane ultra, normal saline

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13
Q

Why do we avoid medicated eye relief products for radiant energy?

A

It effects the blood vessels

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14
Q

What happens to if the tear film is compromised?

A

Dry spots on the eye surface which can causes redness of the eye

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15
Q

What are the two main causes of dry eyes?

A

Evaporative dry eye
Aqueous deficient

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16
Q

What causes evaporative dry eyes?

A

Blocked glands

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17
Q

What causes aqueous deficient?

A

Eye dont make enough water

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18
Q

What percentage of people benefit from artificial tears?

A

15%

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19
Q

Why can dry eyes cause more tearing?

A

These tears are try to compensate for dry eyes, but they lack the lipids required in dry eyes

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20
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Oil glands compromised leading to scaling around the eyes

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21
Q

What medications can cause dry eyes?

A

Actuante and drugs with anticholinergic effects

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22
Q

What is Sjogrens syndrome?

A

Dry eyes, mouth and arthritic joint pain

Symptoms should not be ignored

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23
Q

What are the treatments of Dry Eyes?

A

Artificial Tears (Ingredients dont matter)

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24
Q

Why would someone want to avoid preservatives in the eyes?

A

To avoid less use of chemicals in the eyes

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25
Q

What is genteal?

A

Liquigel that turns gel like in the eye

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26
Q

What is Hylo?

A

Hylo is a preservative-free eye dropper that does not go back into the eye

Very expensive though

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27
Q

What is thealoz Duo?

A

Preservative free agent

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28
Q

Which products for dry eyes should be tried first?

A

Systanes and Refresh

Then try Hylo or thealoz after

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29
Q

What is Clear eyes Pure?

A

Has no preservatives filter in it to help

30
Q

When dealing with dry eyes we want to?

A

Treat quick and dont hold back on the products

31
Q

What does Restasis/cyclopsorine does for the eyes?

A

reduces inflammation in the eyes and tear ducts, helps improve the body’s ability to make tears

32
Q

How long does cyclosporin take to work?

A

1 month-6month for full effect

33
Q

What do Omega 3s do for dry eyes

A

Not a whole lot of evidence these help

34
Q

What is lifitegrast/xiidra?

A

An Anti-inflammatory agent for the eye takes longer then a couple months

35
Q

Varenicline /Tyrvaya

A

Increases tear film

36
Q

What is MGB?

A

Contributes to dry eyes

37
Q

What is the etiology of a stye?

A

Generally a staph Aureus infection in an eyelash follicle

38
Q

What is the treatment of a stye?

A

Warm compress, possibly oral antibiotics

39
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Obstruction of an oil gland, if unknown though refer

40
Q

Treatments for a chalazion

A

Warm compresses or massage

41
Q

What is Conjunctival hyperemia?

A

It is the irritation of the microlayer

42
Q

What is a sub-conjunctival hemorrhage?

A

blood shot eyes

43
Q

What is the treatment for Conjunctival hyperemia?

A

Generally caused by irritants, but we would consider eye washes, then topical decongestants for red eye

Phenylephrine
Naphazoline
terahydrolizine
oxymetazoline

44
Q

When would we not use topical decongestants?

A

Season allergies
Chronic redness
Contact lens problems

45
Q

What is brimonidine?

A

This is a topical solution that does not cause rebound redness QID

Acts on alpha-2 receptors

46
Q

What is blepharitis etiology?

A

Disorder of Meibomian glands

47
Q

What are the symptoms of blepharitis?

A

inflammation of eyelid margins with scales, causes dryness

48
Q

When should blepharitis be referred?

A

Usually always.

49
Q

What are the causes of blepharitis?

A

Bacterial causes or Seborrheic

50
Q

What is the treatment regimen for bacterial blepharitis?

A

Topical antibiotics
Blephamide

51
Q

What is the treatment regimen for seborrheic blephamatis?

A

Treat scalp, warm compress.

Massage tx lasts 3 weeks and up to months

52
Q

What are the treatments for allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Cool compress/allergen avoidance

Topical antihistamine (They contain decongestants though)

Oral antihistamine (Low likelyhood of helping)

Topical cromolyn

Decongestant

Oral steroids

53
Q

What topical antihistamines are better?

A

Rx, emedastine or ketotifen

54
Q

What is Cromolyn?

A

Mast cell stabilizer used for treatment for allergic conjunctivitis

55
Q

What are the three cromolyn products?

A

Patanol (Preferred) BID
Alocril BID
Alomide and cromolyn QID

56
Q

How long do mast cell stabilizers take to work?

A

1 day usually

57
Q

What is the concern of topical ocular steroids?

A

Concerns with inter ocular pressure and cataracts

58
Q

What is the topical steroids we talked about?

A

Loteprednol

59
Q

What is the difference between with infectious conjunctivitis?

A

Generally starts in 1 eye and moves to the 2nd eye

60
Q

What is the difference between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Viral ause profuse tears
Bacterial causes exudate/stuck shut in AM

61
Q

What is the key clinical finding of allergic conjunctivitis vs other conjunctivitis

A

Itchy eyes

62
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Antibiotic treatment

63
Q

What are the bacterial conjunctivitis topical agents we could use?

A

Gramicidin
Polymyxin B
Polysporin for pink eye

64
Q

What is periorbital cellulitis?

A

Cellulitis of the eyes that causes tenderness of the eye and surrounding region. Requires aggressive treatment

65
Q

What are floaters?

A

Bubbles we see in the corner of eyes

66
Q

What is blepharospasm?

A

Twitches in the eyelids

67
Q

What is the treatment of an obstructed tear duct?

A

most clear on their own

68
Q

What is Age related macular Degeneration?

A

Dry (Fat deposits) and wet types

69
Q

What is the difference between AMD, Glaucoma and Cataract?

A

Black middle, loss of peripheral vision, blury vision

70
Q

What is our prevention of AMD leading from the intermediate to advanced stage

A

AREDS

71
Q

What is the difference between AREDs for smokers vs non smokers?

A

Does not contain beta carotene

Pharm 154 (16 decks)

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