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Pharm 154 > Constipation > Flashcards

Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal BM activity?

A

wide range 2x per week to 3x per day

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2
Q

Is constipation a normal part of aging?

A

NO!

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3
Q

What is the causes of constipation?

A

Disease states
Drug causes
Immobility
Fluids

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4
Q

What is a key component of constipation?

A

Straining

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5
Q

What other things should be kept in mind when thinking of constipation?

A

Medication
Diabetes
Colon cancer
IBS
Depression

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6
Q

What are red flags of constipation?

A

Stool texture change, blood, hemorhoids, weight loss, pain, narrower stools

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7
Q

When should someone get help for constipation in terms of time?

A

Constipation lingers for 3 weeks or changes in bowel habit of more than 2 weeks

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8
Q

What does a bowel obstruction usually lead to?

A

Constipation with very dramatic progression in symptoms

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9
Q

Should we increase water in constipation?

A

no we get lots of water in food

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10
Q

What type of fibre should we add?

A

Soluble and insoluble fibre slowly

5g a day

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11
Q

Where is sorbitol located?

A

In prunes/plums and it has an instant laxative effect

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12
Q

What food is a bulk-forming agent non food?

A

Soluble fibre

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13
Q

What is psyllium?

A

Metamucil

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14
Q

What is important with taking psylium

A

Take it with atleast a cup of water and

if you have diabetes watch for the flavoured agent

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15
Q

How does psylium induced obstruction occur?

A

by not taking the product with enough water

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16
Q

What is Senna?

A

It provides relief of acute constipation with 6-12 hours

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17
Q

What does polycarbophil do?

A

It is a preventative agent for constipation that works in 12-72 hours

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18
Q

What in inulin

A

It is a non thickening agent that can be added to food or fluid

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19
Q

When is psylium become effective?

A

12-72 hours post taking it

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20
Q

What is Stool softener?

A

added to other laxatives and preventative measures

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21
Q

What is docusate?

A

not entirely effective

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22
Q

Why is mineral oil not really indicated for constipation?

A

Can cause anal seepage

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23
Q

How long does mineral oil take to work?

A

6-8 hours, taken very enema works very quick though

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24
Q

What does Saline do?

A

Draws water into the gut

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25
Q

What dose of magnesium is required for a laxative effect?

A

~250mg

26
Q

What are osmotic laxatives use carefully in?

A

Those with chonic renal or congestive heart failure

27
Q

How fast does Fleet work? (Enema)

A

2-5 minutes

28
Q

How long does Phillips take to work?

A

Overnight

29
Q

What are glycerin suppositories especially good in?

A

infants and young children because it causes a bowel evac within 30 minutes

30
Q

How long does lactulose syrup take to take effect?

A

1-2 days

31
Q

What is the common side effects of lactulose syrup?

A

gas/bloating

32
Q

What is PEG 3350?

A

Miralax or Restoralax

33
Q

What is Peg 3350 used?

A

Preventative therapy.

34
Q

What is the dosing of Peg 3350?

A

Capful (17g) then titrate every 2-3 days until mushy stool consistency

35
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Phenolphthalein (ExLax)

36
Q

How long does stimulants take to work?

A

6-12 hours

37
Q

What is the MOA of stimulants?

A

irritant to gut linings

38
Q

What are side effects of bisacodyl and senna?

A

minimally absorbed, but can lead to diarrhea, Stimulants

39
Q

What are the stimulants Senokat dosing?

A

Extra strength= 1-2 tabs OD BID at night

Normal Strength = 2-4 tabs OD-BID at night

40
Q

What is the dosage of Dulcolax?

A

Suppository, Once a day
Oral = 1-2 tabs daily

41
Q

Onset of senokat?

A

6-12 hours

42
Q

Onset of dulcolax (bisacodyl)

A

Supp = 15-60 minutes
Oral= 6-12 hours

43
Q

How much senna does one usually start with?

A

8mg then titrate up

44
Q

How do you take Senna when on T-3?

A

T3 late in day 8mg first night
T3 in AM 16mg first night

45
Q

What is the onset of senna combo with docusate

A

Senna 6-8 hours, Docusate = 3 days

46
Q

What is the rate of microlax enemas

A

5ml dose evacuation in 5-20 minutes

Used in nursing home commonly

47
Q

What is Colyte

A

Pre-colonoscopy
drink 240ml every 10 minutes to 4L

BM in 1 hour

48
Q

What is lubiprostone used for?

A

IBS-C more so. helps with opioid induced constipation

49
Q

How can we prevent constipation in elderly?

A

Bulk forming agents, docusate, peg 3350

50
Q

How can we address the acute needs of constipation?

A

Senna, Bisacodyl

51
Q

What is a key factor to consider with constipation

A

Is when someone has a significant decrease in frequency of bowel movements

52
Q

What is a normal BM for infants

A

1bm per each feed to 1 per week

53
Q

Common causes of pediatrics constipation

A

Starting solid food
Low fluids

54
Q

How many BM do breastfed babies have?

A

once every 7-10 days

55
Q

How often does a formula fed babies have a BM?

A

2 a day

56
Q

How can we stimulate paediatric BM?

A

MD
Rectal stimulation with Qtip and vaseline
Glycerin suppository

57
Q

What are common causes of child constipation?

A

Too busy to poop
Dietary issues
Toilet training issues

58
Q

What is the youngest age that we can recommend an enema?

A

2 yo

59
Q

How much PEG 330 should a child be given?

A

1/2 capful, but its not for kids unless MD

60
Q

What is very common treatment for pregnancy?

A

Docusate
Peg 3350
Psyllium

61
Q

What is not necessarily first line for pregnancy due to CI

A

MOM, Senna, Bisacodyl

Pharm 154 (16 decks)

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