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Animal Diseases > Eye and Skin Diseases > Flashcards

Eye and Skin Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What causes bovine pink eye?

A

bacteria - Moraxella bovis
Can be environmental - dust, flies, sunlight, trauma
occurs in summer and fall

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of bovine pink eye?

A

conjunctivitis, watery eyes, squinting

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3
Q

What is the treatment for bovine pink eye?

A

LA tetracycline abx, topical eye ointments and sprays, sub-conjunctival injections, NSAIDs, patch (if severe), vx available

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4
Q

How do we prevent/control bovine pink eye?

A

fly control, back rubbers/oilers, insecticide ear tags

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5
Q

What is cancer eye and what occurs?

A

squamous cell carcinoma
tumor becomes necrotic and infected, then spreads to local lymph nodes and bone

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6
Q

What is the treatment for cancer eye?

A

freezing, surgery, cull/salvage

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of corneal ulcers?

A

tearing, blepharospasm, cloudy spot on cornea

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8
Q

What causes corneal ulcers?

A

foreign bodies, entropion, pinkeye infection

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9
Q

What is the tx for corneal ulcers?

A

abx, 3rd eyelid flaps/eye patch to protect eye, NSAIDs

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10
Q

What does entropion cause?

A

blepharospasm, photophobia, epiphora, ulcers, eye rubbing

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11
Q

What is the tx for entropion?

A

evert lower eyelid, injecting saline or air into eyelid, skin sutures or clips

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12
Q

What is ERU?

A

equine recurrent uveitis, aka moon blindness

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of ERU?

A

corneal edema, epiphora, blepharospasm, miosis, synechia

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14
Q

What is the tx for ERU?

A

steroids, atropine drops, NSAIDs

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15
Q

What does ringworm look like in cattle?

A

circular areas of alopecia covered in a dry crust of exudate and debris

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16
Q

What does ringworm look like in horses?

A

painful round patches of raised hair that fall out leaving bald, grey, shiny areas all over the body

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17
Q

How do we diagnose ringworm?

A

clinical signs, fungal culture, wood’s lamp

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18
Q

What is the tx for ringworm?

A

remove scabs and crusts and apply antifungal cream, injectable vitamin AD

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19
Q

What are warts?

A

species-specific papilloma virus, bumpy, fleshy growths on face, neck, and penis, self limiting

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20
Q

What is the tx of lice in horses?

A

Pyrethrin

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21
Q

What is the tx of lice in cattle?

A

pour on insecticides or ivermectin’s, injectable ivermectin’s

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22
Q

What is the tx of lice in swine?

A

injectable ivermectin’s

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23
Q

What types of mites cause mange?

A

sarcoptes, psoroptes, chorioptes, demodectes

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24
Q

What are the clinical signs of mange?

A

hair loss, intense itchiness, thick, wrinkled skin

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25
Q

What is the tx for mange?

A

pour on ivermectin’s (injectable for psoroptes)

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcoptes mites?

A

intense pruritis, self mutilation, thick and wrinkled skin, dehydration and death

27
Q

What is type 1 photosensitization?

A

plants or drugs

28
Q

What is type 2 photosensitization?

A

metabolic disorder

29
Q

What is type 3 photosensitization?

A

hepatic photosensitivity due to liver issues

30
Q

What is type 4 photosensitivity?

A

obscure of idiopathic ingestion from plants

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of photosensitization?

A

intense irritation of unpigmented areas of the skin within hours of sun exposure, progression of:
- pruritis
- erythema
- edema
- exudation
- gangrene
Skin sloughs off

32
Q

How do we diagnose photosensitivity?

A

clinical signs, liver enzymes

33
Q

What is the tx for photosensitivity?

A

remove from toxic feed, get out of direct sunlight, antihistamines

34
Q

What is equine pastern dermatitis?

A

aka scratches, greasy heel, mud fever
bacterial or fungal infection

35
Q

What is the tx for scratches?

A

keep area clean and dry, apply topical creams/ointment, bandage to keep skin soft and reduce fissures

36
Q

What is equine summer itch?

A

hypersensitivity to insect bites

37
Q

What are the clinical signs of equine summer itch?

A

pruritis, rubbing of ears, mane, and tail

38
Q

What is the tx for equine summer itch?

A

insect control, steroids

39
Q

What is equine sarcoid?

A

most common tumor affecting the skin of horses, often associated with previous wounds, most common on head, legs and trunk
Bovine papilloma virus probably a causative factor

40
Q

What are the 6 distinct clinical entities of an equine sarcoid?

A
  1. occult - flat, gray, hairless, persistent
  2. verrucose - gray, scabby, or warty
  3. nodular - multiple, discrete, solid nodules
    4.fibroblastic - fleshy masses, thin pedicle or wide, flat base, bleed easily
  4. mixed - variable mixtures of 2 or more types
  5. malevolent - extremely rare, aggressive tumor that spreads extensively through the skin
41
Q

What is the tx for sarcoids?

A

leave alone if small, cisplatin (chemo agent 3-5x), sx removal, cryotherapy

42
Q

What is equine melanoma?

A

form of skin cancer - black tumors on grey horses

43
Q

Where are equine melanomas usually located?

A

nearby:
anus
vulva
sheath
penis
ears
underside of tail

44
Q

What are aural plaques?

A

papillomavirus infection that forms inside horses ears, crusty & white wart like lesions

45
Q

How are aural plaques transmitted?

A

insects

46
Q

What are the clinical signs of aural plaques?

A

discoloration, drooping ears, head shaking, lesions, shiny reddened skin undergrowths, sudden head or halter shyness, whitish, flaky growth

47
Q

What is HERDA?

A

Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia - genetic disease in QH and appaloosa’s, defect in collagen of the skin

48
Q

What are the clinical signs of HERDA?

A

stretchy skin, severe skin wounds, skin sloughing, scarring along the back and withers

49
Q

What is ORF?

A

contagious ecthyma, highly zoonotic, poxvirus

50
Q

What are the clinical signs of ORF?

A

papules or pustules > burst and become crusty lesions
anorexia/weight loss
lameness if coronary band affected

51
Q

What is the tx for ORF?

A

self limiting in 14-21days
abx for secondary infections
supportive therapy

52
Q

What is porcine erysipelas?

A

“diamond skin” disease, ZOONOTIC!
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteria

53
Q

How is porcine erysipelas transmitted?

A

contaminated feed or water (ingestion), houseflies and ticks are carriers

54
Q

What are the clinical signs of porcine erysipelas?

A

raised red plaques on belly, inside thighs, throat, neck, ears
arthritis
endocarditis

55
Q

What is the treatment and prevention for porcine erysipelas?

A

abx and vaccines

56
Q

What does porcine erysipelas cause in humans?

A

erysipeloid

57
Q

What is greasy pig disease?

A

exudative epidermatitis caused by staphylococcus hyicus

58
Q

What are some risk factors that can lead to greasy pig disease?

A

damage to skin, film of grease or feces on skin, high humidity levels

59
Q

What are the clinical signs of greasy pig disease?

A

generalized seborrhea, wrinkled/reddened skin, anorexia, dehydration, weakness, death

60
Q

What is the tx for greasy pig disease?

A

abx, disinfectant soaps, supportive care

Animal Diseases (6 decks)

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