Eye and Skin Diseases

Question 1

What causes bovine pink eye?

Answer 1

bacteria - Moraxella bovis
Can be environmental - dust, flies, sunlight, trauma
occurs in summer and fall

Question 2

What are the clinical signs of bovine pink eye?

Answer 2

conjunctivitis, watery eyes, squinting

Question 3

What is the treatment for bovine pink eye?

Answer 3

LA tetracycline abx, topical eye ointments and sprays, sub-conjunctival injections, NSAIDs, patch (if severe), vx available

Question 4

How do we prevent/control bovine pink eye?

Answer 4

fly control, back rubbers/oilers, insecticide ear tags

Question 5

What is cancer eye and what occurs?

Answer 5

squamous cell carcinoma
tumor becomes necrotic and infected, then spreads to local lymph nodes and bone

Question 6

What is the treatment for cancer eye?

Answer 6

freezing, surgery, cull/salvage

Question 7

What are the clinical signs of corneal ulcers?

Answer 7

tearing, blepharospasm, cloudy spot on cornea

Question 8

What causes corneal ulcers?

Answer 8

foreign bodies, entropion, pinkeye infection

Question 9

What is the tx for corneal ulcers?

Answer 9

abx, 3rd eyelid flaps/eye patch to protect eye, NSAIDs

Question 10

What does entropion cause?

Answer 10

blepharospasm, photophobia, epiphora, ulcers, eye rubbing

Question 11

What is the tx for entropion?

Answer 11

evert lower eyelid, injecting saline or air into eyelid, skin sutures or clips

Question 12

What is ERU?

Answer 12

equine recurrent uveitis, aka moon blindness

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of ERU?

Answer 13

corneal edema, epiphora, blepharospasm, miosis, synechia

Question 14

What is the tx for ERU?

Answer 14

steroids, atropine drops, NSAIDs

Question 15

What does ringworm look like in cattle?

Answer 15

circular areas of alopecia covered in a dry crust of exudate and debris

Question 16

What does ringworm look like in horses?

Answer 16

painful round patches of raised hair that fall out leaving bald, grey, shiny areas all over the body

Question 17

How do we diagnose ringworm?

Answer 17

clinical signs, fungal culture, wood’s lamp

Question 18

What is the tx for ringworm?

Answer 18

remove scabs and crusts and apply antifungal cream, injectable vitamin AD

Question 19

What are warts?

Answer 19

species-specific papilloma virus, bumpy, fleshy growths on face, neck, and penis, self limiting

Question 20

What is the tx of lice in horses?

Answer 20

Pyrethrin

Question 21

What is the tx of lice in cattle?

Answer 21

pour on insecticides or ivermectin’s, injectable ivermectin’s

Question 22

What is the tx of lice in swine?

Answer 22

injectable ivermectin’s

Question 23

What types of mites cause mange?

Answer 23

sarcoptes, psoroptes, chorioptes, demodectes

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of mange?

Answer 24

hair loss, intense itchiness, thick, wrinkled skin

Question 25

What is the tx for mange?

Answer 25

pour on ivermectin's (injectable for psoroptes)

Question 26

What are the clinical signs of sarcoptes mites?

Answer 26

intense pruritis, self mutilation, thick and wrinkled skin, dehydration and death

Question 27

What is type 1 photosensitization?

Answer 27

plants or drugs

Question 28

What is type 2 photosensitization?

Answer 28

metabolic disorder

Question 29

What is type 3 photosensitization?

Answer 29

hepatic photosensitivity due to liver issues

Question 30

What is type 4 photosensitivity?

Answer 30

obscure of idiopathic ingestion from plants

Question 31

What are the clinical signs of photosensitization?

Answer 31

intense irritation of unpigmented areas of the skin within hours of sun exposure, progression of: - pruritis - erythema - edema - exudation - gangrene Skin sloughs off

Question 32

How do we diagnose photosensitivity?

Answer 32

clinical signs, liver enzymes

Question 33

What is the tx for photosensitivity?

Answer 33

remove from toxic feed, get out of direct sunlight, antihistamines

Question 34

What is equine pastern dermatitis?

Answer 34

aka scratches, greasy heel, mud fever bacterial or fungal infection

Question 35

What is the tx for scratches?

Answer 35

keep area clean and dry, apply topical creams/ointment, bandage to keep skin soft and reduce fissures

Question 36

What is equine summer itch?

Answer 36

hypersensitivity to insect bites

Question 37

What are the clinical signs of equine summer itch?

Answer 37

pruritis, rubbing of ears, mane, and tail

Question 38

What is the tx for equine summer itch?

Answer 38

insect control, steroids

Question 39

What is equine sarcoid?

Answer 39

most common tumor affecting the skin of horses, often associated with previous wounds, most common on head, legs and trunk Bovine papilloma virus probably a causative factor

Question 40

What are the 6 distinct clinical entities of an equine sarcoid?

Answer 40

1. occult - flat, gray, hairless, persistent 2. verrucose - gray, scabby, or warty 3. nodular - multiple, discrete, solid nodules 4.fibroblastic - fleshy masses, thin pedicle or wide, flat base, bleed easily 5. mixed - variable mixtures of 2 or more types 6. malevolent - extremely rare, aggressive tumor that spreads extensively through the skin

Question 41

What is the tx for sarcoids?

Answer 41

leave alone if small, cisplatin (chemo agent 3-5x), sx removal, cryotherapy

Question 42

What is equine melanoma?

Answer 42

form of skin cancer - black tumors on grey horses

Question 43

Where are equine melanomas usually located?

Answer 43

nearby: anus vulva sheath penis ears underside of tail

Question 44

What are aural plaques?

Answer 44

papillomavirus infection that forms inside horses ears, crusty & white wart like lesions

Question 45

How are aural plaques transmitted?

Answer 45

insects

Question 46

What are the clinical signs of aural plaques?

Answer 46

discoloration, drooping ears, head shaking, lesions, shiny reddened skin undergrowths, sudden head or halter shyness, whitish, flaky growth

Question 47

What is HERDA?

Answer 47

Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia - genetic disease in QH and appaloosa's, defect in collagen of the skin

Question 48

What are the clinical signs of HERDA?

Answer 48

stretchy skin, severe skin wounds, skin sloughing, scarring along the back and withers

Question 49

What is ORF?

Answer 49

contagious ecthyma, highly zoonotic, poxvirus

Question 50

What are the clinical signs of ORF?

Answer 50

papules or pustules > burst and become crusty lesions anorexia/weight loss lameness if coronary band affected

Question 51

What is the tx for ORF?

Answer 51

self limiting in 14-21days abx for secondary infections supportive therapy

Question 52

What is porcine erysipelas?

Answer 52

"diamond skin" disease, ZOONOTIC! Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteria

Question 53

How is porcine erysipelas transmitted?

Answer 53

contaminated feed or water (ingestion), houseflies and ticks are carriers

Question 54

What are the clinical signs of porcine erysipelas?

Answer 54

raised red plaques on belly, inside thighs, throat, neck, ears arthritis endocarditis

Question 55

What is the treatment and prevention for porcine erysipelas?

Answer 55

abx and vaccines

Question 56

What does porcine erysipelas cause in humans?

Answer 56

erysipeloid

Question 57

What is greasy pig disease?

Answer 57

exudative epidermatitis caused by staphylococcus hyicus

Question 58

What are some risk factors that can lead to greasy pig disease?

Answer 58

damage to skin, film of grease or feces on skin, high humidity levels

Question 59

What are the clinical signs of greasy pig disease?

Answer 59

generalized seborrhea, wrinkled/reddened skin, anorexia, dehydration, weakness, death

Question 60

What is the tx for greasy pig disease?

Answer 60

abx, disinfectant soaps, supportive care