Equine Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
What is Equine influenza?
An influenza virus that is highly contagious
What ages are most susceptible to Equine influenza?
1-5 years
How is Equine influenza spread?
direct - inhaling infected respiratory secretions
What are the clinical signs of equine influenza?
acute onset with high fever, dry/harsh cough, nasal discharge, anorexia, depression, +/- muscle soreness, weakness
How do we treat equine influenza?
Rest, abx if fever persists more than 3 days, when purulent nasal discharge or pneumonia develops, NSAIDS to reduce fever
How do we prevent equine influenza?
hygienic management practices, vaccination, isolate newcomers
What is the vaccination schedule for equine influenza?
Foals @ 6 mths - single MLV vx, 3 inactivated vx
Mares - 4-6 weeks pre-foaling
at risk adult horses - every 6 mths
sedimentary adult horse - yearly
What are the influenza vaccines that are available?
Flu Avert I.N
Fluvac Innovator
Calvenza combos
What are the 2 strains of Equine herpesvirus?
EHV-4 (resp)
EHV-1 (resp, abortions, neuro disease)
How is equine herpesvirus spread?
aborted fetuses, placenta or placental fluids, nasal discharge
What are the clinical signs of EHV-4?
fever lasting up to 1 week, serous or mucoid nasal discharge, malaise, pharyngitis, inappetence, lymphadenopathy
What are the clinical signs of EHV-1 (specific to abortion)?
abortions 2-12 wks post infection usually between 7-11 months of gestation, if infected in late pregnancy can produce live foals but usually die quickly
What is the treatment for EHV?
no specific tx, rest and supportive care, antipyretics for fevers >40c, abx only if secondary inf. suspected
How do we prevent EHV?
isolate incoming horses for 21 days, manage stressful situations to prevent recurrence from latency, pregnant mares kept away from weanlings, yearlings & horses that travel, vaccinate
What is the vaccination schedule for EHV?
foals @ 4-6 mths - series of 3 vx (both types)
adults - every 6 mths
pregnant - months 3,5,7 & 9 of pregnancy (EHV-1 only)
What are the vaccines available for EHV-1?
Prestige Prodigy
Pneumabort-K +1b
What are the vaccines available for EHV-1 & EHV-4?
Vetera 2XP (only one with 1 & 4)
Fluvac innovator combos
Prestige combos
What is equine strangles cause by?
Streptococcus equi
What does strangles affect?
infects upper respiratory tract and nearby lymph nodes
How is strangles transmitted?
direct or indirect - nasal secretions, draining abscesses
What are the clinical signs of strangles?
fever, mucoid to mucopurulent nasal discharge, depression, swollen lymph nodes that will abscess
What is the treatment for strangles?
Isolation, rest and nursing care, hot packing abscesses, NSAIDs
How do we prevent strangles?
good hygiene, isolate new horses, vaccinate (every 6 mths in high risk situations)
What is purpura hemorrhagica?
allergic reaction to strep bacteria, high fatality rate, swollen, draining limbs
