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Animal Diseases > Equine Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Equine Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Equine influenza?

A

An influenza virus that is highly contagious

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2
Q

What ages are most susceptible to Equine influenza?

A

1-5 years

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3
Q

How is Equine influenza spread?

A

direct - inhaling infected respiratory secretions

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of equine influenza?

A

acute onset with high fever, dry/harsh cough, nasal discharge, anorexia, depression, +/- muscle soreness, weakness

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5
Q

How do we treat equine influenza?

A

Rest, abx if fever persists more than 3 days, when purulent nasal discharge or pneumonia develops, NSAIDS to reduce fever

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6
Q

How do we prevent equine influenza?

A

hygienic management practices, vaccination, isolate newcomers

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7
Q

What is the vaccination schedule for equine influenza?

A

Foals @ 6 mths - single MLV vx, 3 inactivated vx
Mares - 4-6 weeks pre-foaling
at risk adult horses - every 6 mths
sedimentary adult horse - yearly

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8
Q

What are the influenza vaccines that are available?

A

Flu Avert I.N
Fluvac Innovator
Calvenza combos

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9
Q

What are the 2 strains of Equine herpesvirus?

A

EHV-4 (resp)
EHV-1 (resp, abortions, neuro disease)

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10
Q

How is equine herpesvirus spread?

A

aborted fetuses, placenta or placental fluids, nasal discharge

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of EHV-4?

A

fever lasting up to 1 week, serous or mucoid nasal discharge, malaise, pharyngitis, inappetence, lymphadenopathy

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of EHV-1 (specific to abortion)?

A

abortions 2-12 wks post infection usually between 7-11 months of gestation, if infected in late pregnancy can produce live foals but usually die quickly

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13
Q

What is the treatment for EHV?

A

no specific tx, rest and supportive care, antipyretics for fevers >40c, abx only if secondary inf. suspected

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14
Q

How do we prevent EHV?

A

isolate incoming horses for 21 days, manage stressful situations to prevent recurrence from latency, pregnant mares kept away from weanlings, yearlings & horses that travel, vaccinate

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15
Q

What is the vaccination schedule for EHV?

A

foals @ 4-6 mths - series of 3 vx (both types)
adults - every 6 mths
pregnant - months 3,5,7 & 9 of pregnancy (EHV-1 only)

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16
Q

What are the vaccines available for EHV-1?

A

Prestige Prodigy

Pneumabort-K +1b

17
Q

What are the vaccines available for EHV-1 & EHV-4?

A

Vetera 2XP (only one with 1 & 4)
Fluvac innovator combos
Prestige combos

18
Q

What is equine strangles cause by?

A

Streptococcus equi

19
Q

What does strangles affect?

A

infects upper respiratory tract and nearby lymph nodes

20
Q

How is strangles transmitted?

A

direct or indirect - nasal secretions, draining abscesses

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of strangles?

A

fever, mucoid to mucopurulent nasal discharge, depression, swollen lymph nodes that will abscess

22
Q

What is the treatment for strangles?

A

Isolation, rest and nursing care, hot packing abscesses, NSAIDs

23
Q

How do we prevent strangles?

A

good hygiene, isolate new horses, vaccinate (every 6 mths in high risk situations)

24
Q

What is purpura hemorrhagica?

A

allergic reaction to strep bacteria, high fatality rate, swollen, draining limbs

25
Q

What is metastatic strangles?

A

infection spreads internally to lymph nodes in thorax and abdomen, may rupture = death

26
Q

What is the treatment for metastatic strangles?

A

surgery, long term abx

27
Q

What causes recurrent airway obstruction?

A

Allergic reactions to dust, mold, pollutants

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of RAO?

A

dyspnea, increased abdominal expiratory effort, chronic coughing, exercise intolerance, flared nostrils

29
Q

What is the treatment/control for RAO?

A

environmental management, pasture instead of hay, steroids, bronchodilators

Animal Diseases (6 decks)

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