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Animal Diseases > Bovine Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Bovine Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What does BRD stand for?

A

Bovine Respiratory Disease

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2
Q

What is BRD?

A

Defined as a disease complex

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3
Q

What are some predisposing factors of BRD?

A

STRESS! weaning, dehorning, castration, inclement weather, transportation, change of feed, co-mingling

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of BRD?

A

fever >40.5c, dyspnea, nasal discharge, cough, loss of appetite, lethargic, sudden death

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5
Q

What are the antibiotics used to treat BRD?

A

Tetracycline, ceftiofur, florfenicol, florfenicol combo, tulathromycin, tilmicosin, gamithromycin, tildipirosin

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6
Q

How do we prevent and control BRD?

A

reduce stress, vaccination, adequate nutrition, environmental control, mass medication

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7
Q

What is BVD?

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

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8
Q

What are the 2 biotypes of BVD?

A

cytopathic & noncytopathic

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9
Q

What are the 2 genotypes of BVD?

A

Type 1 & 2

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10
Q

How is BVD transmitted?

A

direct contact of secretions and excretions from persistently infected (PI) animals, indirect (insects, needles), vertical (transplacental), horizontal (frozen semen)

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs of BVD?

A

fever, lethargy, anorexia, oral lesions (acute - non PI), immunosuppression (acute - non PI), hemorrhagic syndrome (NCP Type 2), mucosal disease (PI w/ CP strain)

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12
Q

What does IBR stand for?

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

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13
Q

What causes IBR?

A

Bovine herpes virus 1

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14
Q

What is IBR characterized by?

A

acute inflammation of upper resp tract

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15
Q

How is IBR transmitted?

A

nasal & ocular secretions

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of IBR?

A

Fever, cough, dyspnea, depression, anorexia, hyperemia of mucosa, mucosal lesions, ocular/nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, rhinitis

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17
Q

What does BRSV stand for?

A

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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18
Q

What happens with BRSV?

A

replicates in lower respiratory tract, high morbidity

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19
Q

How is BRSV transmitted?

A

direct contact with aerosolized secretions

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20
Q

What are the clinical signs of BRSV?

A

fever, loss of appetite, cough (sporadic), depression, ^ resp rate, dyspnea, nasal discharge

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21
Q

What does PI3 stand for?

A

Parainfluenza 3 virus

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22
Q

What does PI3 cause?

A

infects upper respiratory mucosa

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23
Q

How is PI3 transmitted?

A

shed in aerosols and direct contact

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of PI3?

A

fever, loss of appetite, cough (sporadic), depression, ^ RR, dyspnea, nasal discharge

25
Q

How do we treat IBR, BVD, BRSV, & PI3?

A

prevention! supportive care, ABX

26
Q

When should we vaccinate for IBR, BVD, BRSV, & PI3?

A

nursing - at least once before weaning
feedlot - entry, 45-60 day post

IBR - Intranasal if outbreak

27
Q

What vaccines are used for viral infections?

A

Bovi shield gold FP5
Express Feedlot
Express FP5
Express yearling
Pyramid FP5
Pyramid 2 + Type II BVD
Vista 5 SQ
Inforce 3

28
Q

What does Mannheimia Hemolytica Pasteurella Multocida affect?

A

normal flora of upper respiratory tract

29
Q

How is Pasteurellosis spread?

A

aerosol - highly contagious
morbidity ~30%, mortality 5-10%

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of pasteurellosis?

A

typical signs of BRD, often rapid (can die w/i 24 hrs)

31
Q

What does Pasteurellosis cause?

A

acute fibrinous pneumonia

32
Q

What are the pasteurella and viral combo vaccines?

A

One shot
Presponse SQ
Bovi shield gold one shot
pyramid FP5 + presponse SQ

33
Q

What does histophilus somnus affect?

A
  • normal flora of upper respiratory tract
  • increases severity of infection with other bacterial agents
  • several organ systems > infectious thrombo-embolic-meningo-encephalitis (ITEME), joint and ear infections
34
Q

What are clinical signs of H. Somnus?

A

typical signs of BRD, aural discharge poss, stiffness, swollen joints, prostration, neurologic signs, death, myocarditis

35
Q

How do we prevent pasteurellosis and H.somnus?

A

ABX, reduce stress, LA ABX on arrival at feedlot

36
Q

When should we vaccinate for Pasteurellosis and H.somnus?

A

nursing - at least once before weaning
feedlot - on arrival

37
Q

What vaccines are available for H.somnus?

A
  • Somubac® (Zoetis®)
  • Express® FP5/Somnugen (Boehringer Ingelheim®)
  • Resvac® 4/Somnubac (Zoetis®)
  • Fermicon 7/Somnugen® (Boehringer Ingelheim®)*
  • Ultrabac® 7/Somubac® (Zoetis®)*
  • Vision® 8 Somnus (Merck Animal Health®)*
38
Q

What bacterial combo vaccines are available?

A

Vista once SQ
Once PMH

39
Q

What does mycoplasma bovis affect?

A

normal flora in nasal and upper respiratory tract

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of M.bovis?

A

typical signs of BRD, bronchopneumonia, arthritis

41
Q

How do we prevent M.bovis?

A

No vaccine available in Canada! Reduce stress

42
Q

How do we treat M.bovis?

A

Tulathromycin (draxxin, tulaven, lydaxx), ONLY ABX labeled for it

43
Q

What does AIP stand for?

A

Acute/Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia

44
Q

What are the effects of AIP?

A

sudden onset with minimal coughing, morbidity may be >50%, allergic reaction to tryptophan

45
Q

What are the clinical signs of AIP?

A

acute onset, severe dyspnea, grunt on exhalation

46
Q

How do we treat/prevent AIP?

A

high doses of steroids and antihistamines, managing pasture grazing

47
Q

What is necrotic laryngitis and what occurs?

A

larynx infected by Fusobacterium necrophorum
larynx becomes infected and very swollen

48
Q

What are the clinical signs of necrotic laryngitis?

A

honking on inhalation, neck stretched out, foul breath, +/- fever

49
Q

How do we treat necrotic laryngitis?

A

ABX, anti-inflammatories, swab throat with iodine - no vax

50
Q

How does a cow become infected with lung worm and what determines the severity?

A

on pasture in wet conditions
severity and immune response related to # of larvae ingested

51
Q

What is the scientific name for lungworm?

A

Dictyocaulas viviparous

52
Q

What are the clinical signs of lungworm?

A

tachypnea, coughing, head stretched out, mouth open, drooling, anorexia, high fatality

53
Q

How do we treat lungworm?

A

broad spectrum parasiticides - avermectins, fenbendazole

54
Q

What is nitrate poisoning?

A

nitrite in bloodstream converts to methemoglobin - grazing plants with high levels of nitrate, fertilizer ingestion

55
Q

What are the clinical signs of nitrate poisoning?

A

muscle tremors, staggering, dyspnea, blue-gray MM, death within hours

56
Q

How do we treat/prevent nitrate poisoning?

A

IV methylene blue infusion, feed management

Animal Diseases (6 decks)

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