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Ophthamology > Eye Anatomy > Flashcards

Eye Anatomy Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What are the layers of the eyelid? (superficial to deep)

A 
Skin/subcutaneous tissue
Orbicularis oculi
Tarsal plates
Levator apparatus 
Conjunctiva
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2
Q

What are the sweat glands in the eyelids called?

A

Ciliary glands of Moll

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3
Q

What are the sebaceous glands in the eyelids called?

A

Glands of Zeis

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4
Q

What are the muscles that open the eyelids?

A

Levator palpebrae

Muller’s muscle

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5
Q

What muscle closes the eyelid?

A

Orbicularis orbis

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

Palpebral
Lacrimal
Orbital

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7
Q

What are the attachments of orbicularis oculi?

A

Origin

  • medial margin
  • medial palpebral ligament
  • lacrimal bone

Insertion

  • skin around margin of orbit
  • superior tarsal plate
  • inferior tarsal plate
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8
Q

What is the action of the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Gently closes the eyelids

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9
Q

What is the action of the lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Involved in the drainage of tears

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10
Q

What is the action of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Tightly closes the eyelids

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11
Q

What are the tarsal plates?

A

Dense connective tissue that acts as scaffolding of the eyelid

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12
Q

What glands are found in the tarsal plates?

A

Meibomian glands

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13
Q

What is the function of Meibomian?

A

Prevents evaporation of tear film

Prevents eyelids sticking together

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14
Q

What is an external stye?

A

Infection of a hair follicle

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15
Q

What is an internal stye?

A

Infection of a Meibomian gland

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16
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Painless granuloma of the Meibomian glands

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17
Q

What muscles are found in the levator apparatus?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

Superior tarsal muscle

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18
Q

What is the superior tarsal muscle also known as?

A

Muller’s muscle

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19
Q

What are the attachements of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Origin
- lesser wing of sphenoid

Insertion

  • upper eyelid
  • superior tarsal plate
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20
Q

What is the action of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Opens the eye lid

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21
Q

What is the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CNIII - oculomotor

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the orbicularis orbis?

A

CNVII - facial (temporal + zygomatic branches)

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23
Q

What are the attachments of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Origin
- underside of levator palpebrae superioris

Insertion
- superior tarsal plate

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24
Q

What is the action of the superior tarsal muscle?

A

Opens eyelid

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25
What is the innervation of the superior tarsal muscle?
Sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion
26
What is the deepest part of the eyelid?
Palpebral conjunctiva
27
What is the reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva on the eyeball called?
Bulbar conjunctiva
28
What are the lacrimal glands?
Serous exocrine glands that secrete lacrimal fluid onto the surface of the conjunctiva and cornea
29
What is the function of lacrimal fluid?
Clean, nourish + lubricate eyes Excess = tears
30
Where is lacrimal fluid produced?
Lacrimal gland
31
Where are lacrimal glands located?
Superolateral aspect of orbit - in the lacrimal fossa
32
Where does the lacrimal gland drain into?
Superior conjunctival fornix - spreads fluid over eyes by blinking
33
What is the lacrimal apparatus?
System responsible for drainage of lacrimal fluid from the orbit
34
Where does lacrimal fluid drain from eye?
Medial aspect of eye - via superior + inferior punctum -> canaliculi -> lacrimal sac
35
Where is the lacrimal sac located?
Groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla
36
Where does the lacrimal sac drain?
Via nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus of nasal cavity
37
What is the valve connecting the lacrimal duct to the inferior meatus called?
Valve of Hasner
38
What are the main layers of the eyeball?
Fibrous layer Vascular layer Inner layer
39
What makes up the fibrous layer?
Sclera + cornea
40
What is the function of the fibrous layer?
Provide shape to eye | Support deeper structures
41
Where does the sclera lie?
Most of the eye
42
What is the function of the sclera?
Point of attachment to the extraocular muscles
43
Where does the cornea le?
Centrally at the front of the eye
44
What makes the cornea clear?
Water pump
45
What makes up the vascular layer?
Choroid Ciliary body Iris
46
What is the iris?
Circular structure - coloured part Hole in the centre = pupil
47
What is the ciliary body?
Ciliary muscle + ciliary processes
48
What is the function of the ciliary muscle?
Control shape of lens | Produce aqueous humour
49
What is the choroid?
Layer of connective tissue + blood vessels
50
What makes up the inner layer?
Retina
51
What are the layers of the retina?
Pigmented layer | Neural layer
52
What is the pigmented layer?
Outer layer - single layer of cells Supports the choroid in absorbing light
53
What is the neural layer?
Inner layer - consists of photoreceptor cells Found posteriorly + laterally
54
What is found at the centre of the retina?
Macula
55
What is found in the macula?
Fovea
56
What is the fovea?
Area of high concentration light detecting cells - area responsible for high visual acuity
57
What is the optic disc?
Area the optic nerve enters the retina
58
Where does the retina start?
Ora serrata
59
Where does the lens lie?
Between the vitreous humour and the pupil
60
Where does the anterior chamber lie?
Between the cornea + iris
61
Where does the posterior chamber lie?
Between iris and ciliary processes
62
What fills the posterior and anterior chambers?
Aqueous humour
63
How is aqueous humour drained?
Via trabecular meshwork (in the iridocorneal angle) -> schlem's canal -> venous system

Ophthamology (25 decks)

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