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ANATOMY > EYE > Flashcards

EYE Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the Eye

A

Superior Wall: orbital part of the front bone, lesser wing of the sphenoid

Superolateral: lacrimal fossa, supraorbital notch

Medial Wall: orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

Inferior wall: orbital surface of maxilla (partially of the zygomatic and palatine bones)

Lateral wall: frontal process of zygomatic bones and greater wing of sphenoid

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2
Q

Nerves that transmits in the Superior Orbital Fissure

A

Upper and Lower divisions of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
branches of V1: lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, nasociliary nerve
superior opthalmic vein and inferior opthalmic veins
and sympathetic nerves

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3
Q

thin membrane which covers all except the corneal portion

separates the eyeball to all other fat tissues

A

Bulbar Sheath/Fascial of the eyeball/Tenon’s capsule

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4
Q

parasympathetically stimulated, this muscle decreases the pupil’s diameter

A

Sphincter Pupillae

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5
Q

Sympathetically stimulated, this muscle increases its diameter

A

Dilator Pupillae

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6
Q

space where the tears would drain into

A

Lacrimal Punctum

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7
Q

Protects the eye from injury and excessive light
Keeps cornea moist by spreading lacrimal fluid
Covered externally by thin skin and internally by transparent mucous membrane (palpebral conjunctiva)

A

Eyelids

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8
Q

elliptical opening between the eyelids

A

Palpebral fissure

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9
Q

part of the conjunctiva refleted onto the eyeball where it is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva
the lines of reflection onto the eyeball form deep recesses called the superior and inferior conjunctival fornices

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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10
Q

part of the conjunctiva that is thin and transparent attaches loosely to the anterior surface of the eyeball

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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11
Q

Space bound by the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae
closed space when the eyelids are closed but open via palpebral fissure
forms a mucosal bursa onto which eyelid can move freely over the eyeball

A

Conjunctival Sac

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12
Q

glands embedded in the tarsi which give off lipid secretion lubricating the edge of the eyelids and prevents them from sticking together when they close
forms a barrier that lacrimal fluid does not cross when produced in normal amounts

A

Tarsal Glands

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13
Q

Glands in the eyelid’s skin associated to the hair follicles of the eyes

A

Sebaceous glands of zeis

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14
Q

Glands in the eyelid’s skin that is associated between follicles

A

Sweat Glands of Moll

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15
Q

classify sweat glands of Moll

A

Simple Coiled Tubular

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16
Q

A superior tarsal muscle that aids levator palpebrae superioris in elevating the upper eyelid

A

Muscle of Muller

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17
Q

Numerous modified sebaceous glands that are always found at the tarsofacial layer near the tarsus muscle

Its lipid secretion prevents overflow of tears, keeps eyelids tightly shut and prevents eyelids from sticking together

A

Meibomian/Tarsal Glands

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18
Q

Kind of epithelium in eyelid’s skin

A

Stratified Squamus keratinized epithelium

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19
Q

Kind of cells in palpebral conjunctiva

A

low columnar stratified cells

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20
Q

Kind of sweat glands: Glands of Moll

A

Modified Apocrine Sweat Glands

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21
Q

Tears are caused by what kind of innervations (Parasympathetic or Sympathetic)

A

Parasympathetic

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22
Q

Lacrimal Gland (Type and Morphology)

A

Type of secretion: Serous

Morphology: compound tubuloalveolar/ Tubuloacinar

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23
Q

provides some nutrients and oxygen to cornea

watery physiological saline containing lysozyme which moistens and lubricates the surfaces of the conjunctiva and cornea

A

Lacrimal Fluid

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24
Q

Nerve that stimulates lacrimation

A

Facial Nerve

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25
Q

Brings both types of fibers to the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic nerve by which they enter the gland

A

Zygomatice Nerve (from the maxillary nerve)

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26
Q

broadens into a wide bilaminar aponeurosis as it approaches its distal attachments
antagonist of the superior half of the orbicularis oculi, the sphincter of the of the palpebral fissure

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

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27
Q

Origin of Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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28
Q

Insertion of Superior, Inferior, Medial and Lateral Recti Muscles

A

The muscles insert at the RECTUS MUSCLE

29
Q

Inferior Oblique: Origin and Insertion

A

orign: floor of orbit
insertions: deep to lateral rectus muscle

30
Q

Inferior Oblique: Main Action, Innervation

A 
Action:
Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks upward and laterally
ABDUCTOR
EXTORTER
Innervation: OculomotorNerve (CN III)
31
Q

Superior Oblique: Main Action, Innervation

A

Main Action:
Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks downward and laterally
ABDUCTOR
Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

32
Q

Recti muscles: Superior, Inferior, Medial
innervation
Action

A

OculomotorNerve (CN III)

ADDUCTOR

33
Q

Lateral Rectus: Innervation, Action

A 
Abducent Nerve (CN VI)
ABDUCTOR
34
Q

Muscles that are DEPRESSORS

A

Superior Oblique and Inferior Rectus

35
Q

Muscles that are ELEVATORS

A

Inferior Oblique and Superior Rectus

36
Q

Branch of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery
provide series of branches to the extraocular structures within orbital globe

A

Ophthalmic Artery

37
Q

Branch of the ophthalmic artery
supple to innerportion of retina

Obstruction: blindness and retinal atrophy

A

Central artery (retina) - intrinsic artery

38
Q

Ciliary arteries that supply to
Choroid
Ciliary plexus

A

choroid: long posterior ciliary a.

ciliary plexus: long posterior ciliary a.

39
Q

Vein that drains into the Ophthalmic Vein

A

Vorticose Vein

40
Q

Main venous drainage and passes through the superior orbital fissure

A

Superior ophthalmic vein

41
Q

drains directly to the Cavernous Vein

A

Central Retinal Vein

42
Q

encircles the anterior chamber of the eye, route where aqueous humor flows into and brought back into circulation

A

Scleral venous sinus/Canal of Schlemm

43
Q

exclusively supplies the layer of rods and cones

A

Choriocapillaris

44
Q

Components of the Outer or Fibrous layer

A

Sclera and Cornea

45
Q

Components of the Middle or Vascular layer

A

Choroid, Ciliary Body and Iris

46
Q

Components of the Interior or Nervous

A

Retina

47
Q

Components of Posterior Wall of Eye

A

Macula Lutea

48
Q

Protects delicate internal structures
provides sites for muscle insertion
“White of the eye”
Dense connective tissue: Type I collage bundles

A

Sclera

49
Q

5 Layers of the cornea

A

a. External Stratified Squamous Epi
b. Anterior Limitng Membrane (Bowman’s membrane)
c. Stroma/Substantia Propia
d. Duas Layer/Predescement’s Membrane
e. Posterior Limiting Membrane (Decemet’s Membrane)
f. Inner Squamous Epithelium

50
Q

Layer of Cornea that ontributesto stability and strength of cornea
helps protect against infection of underlying stroma

A

Anterior Limiting Membrane/ Bowman’s Membrane

51
Q

cytoplasmic extensions of flattened fibroblast-like cells

A

keratocytes

52
Q

responsible for maintaing a state of hydration within the cornea to provide maximum transparency and optimal light reflection

A

Inner Simple Squamous Epithelium

53
Q

highly vascular membrane that is abundant with melanocytes
between sclera and retina
prevents light from entering the eyeball except through the pupil
responsible for the red in flash photography

A

Choroid

54
Q

3 layers of Choroid

A

Choriocapillary lamina
Bruch’s membrane
Suprachoroidal lamina

55
Q

elevated zone in teh anterior portion of the choroid layer
thickening of the layer posterior to corneoscleral junction
connects choroid with the circumference of the iris
support attachment for the lens
Has 2 regions

A

Ciliary Body

56
Q

secretes aqueous humour low columnar epithelial cell which covers the whole process

A

ciliary epithelium

57
Q

Prevents light from entering the eye except at the pupil
Anterior and Posterior Chamber
Double low columnar epithelium

A

Iris

58
Q

Important part of blood-retina barrier
Absosrb light passing through retina to prevent its reflection
phagocytose shed components from adjacent rods and cones
isomerize and regenerate the retinoids used as chromophobes by the rods and cones

A

Pigmented Layer (Retinal Pigment Epithelium) resting on Bruch’s membrane

59
Q

neural layer would detach from pigment epithelium; results in blondspot

A

Retinal Detachmen

60
Q

image forming photoreceptors of the outer retina

light is absorbed by visual pigments rhodopsin

A

Rods and Cones

61
Q

Refractory Components of the eyeball

A

Cornea, Aqueous Humor, Lens, Vitreous Humor

62
Q

contains hyaluronic acid, very thin collagen fibers, glycosaminoglycans and some proteins
transmits incoming light
contributes to intraocular pressure of the eye

A

Vitreous Body and Vitreous Humor

63
Q

Produces by ciliary process
flows from posterior chamber
bathes non vascular cornea and lens as well as supplies them with nutrients and oxygen

A

Aqueous Humor

64
Q

Lesion in the nerve that innervate the levator palpebrae superioris and muscle of Muller

A

Ptosis

65
Q

inflammation of glands of zeis and moll

A

Hordeoulum/Sty

66
Q

Inflamatory lipogranuloma involving Meibomian gland

A

Chalazion

67
Q

Hardening of lens due to aging

A

Presbyopia

68
Q

Loss of of normal transparency of lens

A

cataract

69
Q

increase in intraocular pressure due to accumulation of aqueous humor

A

glaucoma

ANATOMY (9 decks)

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