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ANATOMY > ANATOMY LT3 - CVS HISTO > Flashcards

ANATOMY LT3 - CVS HISTO Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the CONDUCTING portion of the Respiratory System

A

These are the contents of what portion of the respiratory system? * Nasal Cavities, Nasopharynx * Larynx * Trachea * Bronchi, Bronchioles, Terminal Bronchioles

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2
Q

What are the contents of the RESPIRATORY portion of the Respiratory system

A

These are the contents of what portion of the Respiratory system? * respiratory bronchioles * alveolar ducts * alveoli

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3
Q

Conducting Portion (function)

A

Which component of the respiratory system: * provides conduit for movement of air to and from the lungs * conditions inspired air

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4
Q

Respiratory Portion (Function)

A

Function: Main site for gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between inspired air and the blood

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5
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells with goblet cells

A

what type of cells are respiratory epithelium?

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6
Q

Ciliated Columnar Cells

A

most abundant cells in respi very prominent numerous small mitochondria beneath the cilia that supply ATP for ciliary beating

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7
Q

Goblet Cells

A

Cells in respi that secrete mucous, traps foreign substances and are made up of mucin glycoprotein

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8
Q

Mucin Glycoprotein

A

What are goblet cells composed of

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9
Q

Brush Cells

A

These cells are chemosensory receptors–have afferent nerve endings on basal surface and have numerous microvili on apical surface

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10
Q

Small granule cells/ Kulchitsky cells

A

Type of respiratory cells that secrete hormones and are part of the diffused endocrine system Resembles basal cells but with numerous granules with dense cores

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11
Q

Basal Cells

A

(Respiratory cells) functions as generative stem cells and undergo cell division when needed Small rounded cells that lie on basal lamina

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12
Q

Respiratory Epithelium (location)

A

Epithelium that covers most of the conducting portion

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13
Q

Olfactory Epithelium (type of cells)

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar WITHOUT goblet cells

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14
Q

Olfactory Epithelium (Location)

A

Type of epithelium: can be found in a specialized area of the mucous membrane in the superior conchae of the nasal cavity

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15
Q

Olfactory Cells

A

Bears cillia which contains non-motile axomeres which serve as receptors receptors for odoriferous stimuli Passes through cribiform plate, then synapses with other olfactory neurons

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16
Q

Supporting Cell

A

Broad, cylindrical apexes

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17
Q

Vestibule

A

Most anterior and dilated portion of the nasal cavity

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18
Q

Vibrissae

A
  1. found in lamina propria 2. thick short hairs with sebaceous and sweat glands that filter out large particles from the inspired air
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19
Q

Conchae

A

Bony shelflike projections extending from each lateral wall covered by thin mucosa improve the conditioning of the inspired air by increasing the surface area of respiratory epithelium creates turbulence in the airflow

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20
Q

Large venous plexuses in the lamina propria. Directs air through the othern asal fossa to allow respiratory epithelium to recover from dessication. Richly vascularized. Direction of blood flow is opposite to flow of air, resulting to warming and humidification of air

A

Swell Bodies

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21
Q

Closed cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

A

Paranasal Sinus

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22
Q

Function of Paranasal Sinus

A

Resonance of sound

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23
Q

Large venous plexuses in the lamina propria. Directs air through the othern asal fossa to allow respiratory epithelium to recover from dessication. Richly vascularized. Direction of blood flow is opposite to flow of air, resulting to warming and humidification of air

A

Swell Bodies

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24
Q

Closed cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

A

Paranasal Sinus

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25
Q

Function of Paranasal Sinus

A

Resonance of sound

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26
Q

Paranasal Sinus (Lining)

A

Thinner respiratory epithelium with goblet cells

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27
Q

Three parts of the Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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28
Q

Nasopharynx (Lining)

A

respiratory epithelium

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29
Q

Nasopharynx (Function)

A

conduct, warm and moisten inspired air

30
Q

Nasopharynx (Site)

A

Found in the lamina propria of the nasopharynx: medial pharyngeal tonsil

31
Q

Oropharynx (lining)

A

respiratory epithelium

32
Q

Irregular tube connecting pharynx to trachea

A

Larynx

33
Q

Extends from the superior border of the epiglottis to the inferior borther of the cricoid cartilage

A

Laryngopharynx

34
Q

Larynx (Function)

A

maintenance of open airway, serves as valve to prevent swallowed food from entering the trachea, voice, phonation and sound production via folds

35
Q

What kind of cartilage is present in the thyroid, cricoid and inferor arytenoid

A

Hyaline Cartilage

36
Q

What kind of cartilage is present in the epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate, tips of superior arytenoid

A

Elastic Cartilage

37
Q

False vocal cords, upper fold

A

Vestibular Fold

38
Q

True Vocal Cord, lower fold

A

Vocal Fold/ Cord

39
Q

Vestibular fold (lining)

A

respiratory epithelium

40
Q

Vocal Cord (lining)

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

41
Q

What is function of the stratified squamous epithelium of the VOCAL CORDS?

A

designed for harsh environment to avoid dehydration of its tissue and to avoid abrasion via friction damage

42
Q

Skeletal muscle that regulates tension fold and ligaments and is used for pitch control

A

Vocalis Muscle

43
Q

Ligament beneath epithelium of vocal cord

A

Vocal Ligament

45
Q

Lining of the Lingual side of the epiglottis

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

46
Q

Epiglottis (function)

A

that prevents food and fluid from entering airway passages

47
Q

Trachea (Lining)

A

respiratory epithelium

48
Q

Number of C Shaped hyaline cartilage in Lamina Propia of the Trachea?

A

16-20 C Shape hyaline cartilages rings

49
Q

Hyaline cartilage in Trachea (Function)

A

Keeps tracheal lumen open

50
Q

Trachealis muscle (Function)

A

regulation of lumen; has fibroelastic ligament for prevention of over distension of trachea

51
Q

Muscle that relaxes during swallowing to facilitate passage of food by allowing esophagus to bulge into tracheal lumen while the elastic layer then prevents excessive distention of the lumen

A

Trachealis Muscle

52
Q

Relaxation of the Trachaealis: (Increases or Decreases) the diameter

A

Increases

53
Q

Constriction of the Trachealis: (Increases or Decreases) the diameter

A

Decreases

54
Q

(Trachea or Bronchus) Hyaline Cartilage arragement: C shaped

A

Trachea

55
Q

(Trachea or Bronchus) Location of cartilage: Anterior Part

A

Trachea

56
Q

(Trachea or Bronchus) Hyaline Cartilage arragement: Irregular Plates

A

Bronchus

57
Q

(Trachea or Bronchus) Smooth muscle characteristics: Criss-Cross Spiral bindles

A

Bronchus

58
Q

(Trachea or Bronchus) Smooth muscle characteristics: Spanning open ends of c-shaped rings

A

Trachea

59
Q

Brioncholes (Lining)

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Without Goblet Cells (there may be a few goblet cells)

60
Q

Chemoreceptors that react to the changes in the composition of gases in the airway, involved in the reparative process of epithelial cells

A

Neuroepithelial Bodies

61
Q

Clara Cells (Function)

A

secretes surfactant to lower the surface tension to prevent sticking of the walls of the alveoli during expiration. Also functions as stem cells to replace the injured epithelial cells. For detoxification and secretes antimicrobial peptides

62
Q

Why can’t there be goblet cells in Terminal Bronchioles?

A

Goblet cells produce mucous which may clog the terminal bronchiole

63
Q

Gas exchange occurs at this level

A

Respiratory Bronchiole

64
Q

Alveolar Duct (Lining)

A

attenuated simple squamous alveolar cells

65
Q

OPENING of alveoli (lining)

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

66
Q

Function of Elastic Fibers in Alveolar Sac

A

Enable the alveoli to expand with inspiration and to contract passively with expiration

67
Q

Function of Reticular Fibers in Alveolar Sac

A

Serve as support that prevents overdistention and damage to the delicate capillaries and thin alveolar speta

68
Q

Sac like evaginations of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar

A

Alveoli

69
Q

Separates one alveoli from another alveoli

A

alveolar wall/Inter-alveolar Septum

70
Q

In between layers of the alveolar wall that is full of capillaries and connective tissues. It is the richest capillary network of the body

A

Intersitium

71
Q

Function to equalize air pressure between adjacent alveoli and promote collateral circulation of air

A

Alveolar Pores/Pores of Kohn

72
Q

The cell type in Alveoili whose major function is to produce surfactant

A

Type II Alveolar

73
Q

Alveolar Macrophages/Dust Cells

A

found in alveoli and interalveolar septum and its major role is phagocytosis of erythrocytes lost from damaged capillaries and airborne particulate matter that entered the alveoli

ANATOMY (9 decks)

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