Extras: Summary Sheets Antimicrobials

Question 1

specific bacteria that levofloxacin is good against

Answer 1

drug-resistant strep pneumo

Question 2

big AE for levofloxacin

Answer 2

neuro issues - peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, seizures, exac myasthenia gravis

Question 3

3rd gen cephalosporins: which two are IV and which two are PO

Answer 3

1. IV: ceftriaxone, ceftazidine

2. PO: cefpodoxime, cefditoren

Question 4

which cephalosporin is best for pts with renal or hepatic impairment?

Answer 4

ceftriaxone

Question 5

two cephalosporins that target pseudomonas

Answer 5

IV ones: ceftriaxone, ceftazidime

Question 6

two Abx classes from this section that are bacteriostatic

Answer 6

macrolides, tetracyclines

Question 7

three specific bacteria that doxycycline is good against

Answer 7

1. H. flu
2. Klebsiella
3. mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 8

macrolides are great for which specific 8 bacteria

Answer 8

1. Neisseria
2. pasteurella
3. H. flu
4. Legionella
5. mycoplasma
6. chlamydia
7. mycobacteria
8. rickettsia

Question 9

biggest AE for macrolides

Answer 9

interact with CYP450 and P-glycoproteins

Question 10

which Abx causes nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity

Answer 10

gentamicin

Question 11

major AE for aztreonam and imipenem

Answer 11

anaphylaxis

Question 12

baloxavir MOA

Answer 12

inhibits endonuclease -> blocks replication

Question 13

only anti-viral that works against influenza A only (others also work against influenza B)

Answer 13

amantadine

Question 14

why is amphotericin so toxic?

Answer 14

binds cholesterol

Question 15

-conazoles MOA

Answer 15

inhibits lanosterol -> ergosterol, interrupting fungi cell wall

Question 16

what pts must use extreme caution with flucytosine?

Answer 16

pts with renal impairment

Question 17

MOA of all four Tb drugs

Answer 17

1. Rifampin: inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
2. Isoniazid: inhibits transcription
3. Pyrazinamide: lowers pH
4. Ethambutol: inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 18

two drugs used for latent Tb

Answer 18

isoniazid, rifampin

Question 19

two drugs used for maternal Tb

Answer 19

isoniazid, pyrazinamide

Question 20

other use for ethambutol besides Tb

Answer 20

MAC

Question 21

major AE for Tb drugs

Answer 21

hepatotixicity

Question 22

AE for isoniazid and how to avoid

Answer 22

peripheral neuropathy - give with pyridoxine

Question 23

major AE for ethambutol

Answer 23

visual disturbances

Question 24

two possible empiric drugs for infective endocarditis

Answer 24

nafcillin, oxacillin