21: RLD, Pulmonary Infections etc.

Question 1

two meds that help arrest fibrosis in IPF

Answer 1

1. tyrosine kinase inhibitors

2. TGF-B inhibitors

Question 2

three specific ty of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and what its from

Answer 2

1. pigeon-breeders lung: protein from bird poop
2. farmer’s lung: actinomyces from hay
3. hot tub lung: MAC

Question 3

what forms asbestos bodies?

Answer 3

macrophages try to digest asbestos fibers but cant -> leave behind most of the fiber + macrophage remains around it

Question 4

lines of Zahn

Answer 4

alternating pale (platelet) + red (RBCs) stripes in a thrombus that tells you the clot was formed while pt was still alive

Question 5

some physical signs of endocarditis

Answer 5

Janeway lesions (skin microemboli), Roth spots (retinal microemboli), Splinter hemorrhages (vascular damage in nailbeds)

Question 6

function of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in influenza virus

Answer 6

1. hemagglutinin: attaches to cells

2. neuraminidase: allows release of replicated virus from cells

Question 7

antigenic drift vs shift

Answer 7

1. Antigenic drift: minor protein changes on virus -> can cause epidemics, but most people still have some immunity
2. Antigenic shift: major genomic changes -> pandemics bc most everyone has no immunity to the novel virus

Question 8

which type of DNA/RNA has the most direct route to viral proteins?

Answer 8

ssDNA

Question 9

three most common bacteria for neonatal PNA

Answer 9

1. group B strep
2. gram negative bacilli
3. Listeria

Question 10

four of the most common causes of bacterial PNA in children > 1 month

Answer 10

1. Strep pneumo
2. Moraxella catarrhalis
3. H. influenza
4. S. aureus

Question 11

two more bacteria that affect older kids (in addition to the four most common for kids > 1 month)

Answer 11

1. M. pneumoniae

2. C. pneumoniae

Question 12

four viruses that are paramyxoviridae

Answer 12

1. RVS: respiratory syncytial virus
2. hMPV: human metapneumovirus
3. parainfluenza
4. measles

Question 13

which part of the lung is most susceptible to aspiration PNA?

Answer 13

right middle and right lower lobes (bc gravity)

Question 14

chronic pneumonia

Answer 14

PNA lasting months in an immunocompetent pt

Question 15

histo of lung transplant rejection

Answer 15

mononuclear inflitrates, possible opportunistic infections