25: Dyspnea, Palpitations, Fatigue Flashcards
three broad differentials for dyspnea
- pulmonary vascular disease (pulm HTN, PE)
- OLD
- RLD
virchow’s triad
- hypercoagulability
- venous stasis
- endothelial injury
what do protein S and C do
block factor 5 and 8
what does antithrombin III do
block factor 2 and 10
what does Factor 5 Leiden mutation do
prevents binding of protein C -> more clotting
why is d-dimer good for clots
has a high negative predictive value
apnea definition
reduction in breathing for 10+ seconds with noted drop in O2 sat by 3%+
what occurs in normal sleep with pharynx?
sleep -> lower respiratory rate + relaxed pharyngeal muscles; brain monitors CO2 and adjusts ventilation and constriction as necessary
CPAP stands for?
continuous positive airway pressure
four characteristics of all interstitial lung disease**
- restrictive pattern on PFTs
- decreased DLCOs
- dyspnea on exertion
- absence of infection or malignancy
pulmonary interstitial tissue
supportive tissue between alveoli, perivascular and perilymphatic tissue
Lofgren’s sydrome
erythema nodosum, hilar LAD< fever, arthritis, sarcoidosis
Heerfordt’s syndrome
anterior uveitis, parotidis, CN 7 palsy, fever, sarcoidosis
examples of immunosuppressive drugs for sarcoidosis
- steroids (first line)
- methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide
- biologics: etanercept, infliximab
Abs in dermatomyositis / polymyositis that are associated with ILD
anti-synthetase Abs
