Extras F

Question 1

Fallopian tube

Answer 1

In a female mammal, the
Fallopian tubes take female gametes from the
ovaries. Fertilisation usually takes place near
the top of these tubes. The fertilised eggs are
then moved down to the uterus by ciliated cells
lining the tubes and by contraction of muscle in
their walls.

Question 2

Familial

Answer 2

A condition which is found in some
families but not in others. It is often inherited.
For example, people with familial
hypercholesterolaemia have a high blood
cholesterol concentration. They have a genetic
defect which produces this condition. This
explains why it is found in some families but not
in others.

Question 3

Facultative

Answer 3

Not limited to a particular way of
life. Yeast is a facultative anaerobe. It is able to
respire anaerobically but, when oxygen is
present, it respires aerobically

Question 4

Fatty acid

Answer 4

Molecule containing a COOH group
and a hydrocarbon chain. Some fatty acids have
double bonds present between some of the
carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain. These
are known as unsaturated fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in
their hydrocarbon chain. Fatty acids with long
hydrocarbon chains are important constituents of
triglycerides and phospholipids

Question 5

Fermentation

Answer 5

A process occurring in living
organisms in the absence of oxygen. It results in
the production of small organic molecules from
larger ones. Fermentation by microorganisms
has been of importance to humans for many
thousands of years. Fermentation is involved in
making foods such as yoghurt and cheese, in the
production of alcohol, and in the synthesis of
antibiotics.

Question 6

Fertiliser

Answer 6

A substance that adds mineral ions to
the soil. Chemical fertilisers are made from naturally occurring rocks or by inorganic
compounds. Organic fertilisers include manure
and compost. When crops are harvested the
substances they contain are removed as well.
Because of this fertilisers are essential in
intensive farming to restore the fertility of the
soil.

Question 7

Follicle

Answer 7

In the ovary of a mammal, the
developing female gamete is surrounded by a
ball of cells forming a follicle. The follicle cells
secrete some of the hormones that control the
female reproductive cycle. When ovulation
takes place, some of these surrounding cells are
released along with the female gamete.
Enzymes released by the acrosome on sperm
cells cause these cells to break away and allow
fertilisation to take place.

Question 8

Fibrous protein

Answer 8

A protein that is un-folded,
often with several polypeptide chains crosslinked
together for additional strength.

Question 9

Fossil fuel

Answer 9

Fuel that is formed from organisms
that lived long ago. Coal is an example of a
fossil fuel. When the early plants which formed
coal died, they did not decay because they lived
in swampy conditions. Gradually the wood they
contained became coal. The carbon in them
remained locked in the coal rather than being
released into the air and being recycled.

Question 10

Fruit

Answer 10

A structure which develops from the ovary
of a plant. It surrounds the developing seeds.
Fruits play an important part in the dispersal of
seeds, allowing them to colonise new areas.

Question 11

Functional genomics

Answer 11

The study of genes and

their functions.