Extras: Drugs

Question 1

which inhaled anesthetic causes hepatitis?

Answer 1

halothane

Question 2

two inhaled anesthetics that cause renal toxicity

Answer 2

sevoflurane, enflurane

Question 3

most IV anesthetics act how?

Answer 3

on GABA receptors

Question 4

how to reverse midazolam

Answer 4

flumazenil

Question 5

two AEs of propofol

Answer 5

hypotension, anti-emetic

Question 6

what does dexmedetomidine act on?

Answer 6

a2 adrenergics (agonist)

Question 7

how are barbiturates and benzos adjuncts to anesthesia?

Answer 7

increase GABA receptor sensitivity/opening

Question 8

how do local anesthetics work?

Answer 8

block voltage-gated Na channels

Question 9

three local anesthetics that are the most potent + longest duration

Answer 9

bupivacaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine

Question 10

which local anesthetic is surface use only bc poor solubility in water?

Answer 10

benzocaine

Question 11

what does high blood:gas partition coefficient mean?

Answer 11

quicker anesthesia onset

Question 12

NMJ blockers: non-depolarizing vs depolarizing block: which is succinycholine?

Answer 12

succ = depolarizing blockage

Question 13

how to reverse non-depol NMJ blockers?

Answer 13

cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 14

three NMJ blockers that are long-acting

Answer 14

doxacurium, pancuronium, pipercuronium

Question 15

which spasmolytic is also an anxiolytic?

Answer 15

carisoprodol

Question 16

two spasmolytics that arent centrally acting

Answer 16

dantrolene, botulinum toxin

Question 17

MOA of dantrolene and botulinum toxin

Answer 17

1. Dantrolene: block Ca release from SR

2. Botulinum: cleave VAMP -> no Ach release

Question 18

MOA fo glatiramer acetate

Answer 18

similar to myelin basic proteim -> activates T cell suppressors

Question 19

MOA of INF-B for MS

Answer 19

binds VLA-4 on T cells -> cant bind BBB to enter brain

Question 20

MOA of Mitoxantrone for MS

Answer 20

intercalates into DNA

Question 21

translocation seen in Ewing Sarcoma

Answer 21

t(11;12)

Question 22

only osteoporosis drug that increases bone formation

Answer 22

teriparatide

Question 23

raloxifene MOA

Answer 23

SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator

Question 24

MOA of denosumab for osteoporosis

Answer 24

RANKL inhibitor

Question 25

probenecid MOA for gout

Answer 25

blocks urate reabsorption

Question 26

major drug for osteoporosis in men

Answer 26

bisphosphonates

Question 27

DMARD that is notably oral administration

Answer 27

Tofacitinib

Question 28

order of best to worse csDMARDs in low dz activity pts

Answer 28

1. HCQ
2. SSL
3. MTX
4. Leflunomide

Question 29

three AchEs that treat Myasthenia gravis

Answer 29

ambenonium, neostigmine, pyridostigmine

Question 30

pralidoxime

Answer 30

reverses weakness and sensory loss from organophosphates by regenerating AchE