Extraneous and Confounding Variables Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

any variable other than the IV that can cause a change to the DV and affect the results in an unwanted way

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2
Q

What are some examples of extraneous variables?

A

age
gender
prior knowledge
experimenter effect

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3
Q

What is a confounding variable?

A

any variable other than the IV that has had an unwanted effect of the DV
= produces measurable change on the DV

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4
Q

What are some extraneous and possible confounding variables?

A
experimenter effect
order effects
use of non standardized instructions or procedures
individual participant differences
placebo effect
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5
Q

What is one way to reduce bias in sampling?

A

random sampling and stratified sampling

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6
Q

What is the procedure used to ensure the participants do not know what group they are in?

A

single blind procedure

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7
Q

What is the procedure used when neither the experimenter nor the participants know what group they are in?

A

double blind procedure

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8
Q

What is used to reduce order effects?

A

counterbalancing

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9
Q

Procedures and instructions should be what for all participants?

A

same or identical

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10
Q

What is used to reduce individual participant differences?

A

repeated measures design

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