Extraneous and Confounding Variables

Question 1

What is an extraneous variable?

Answer 1

any variable other than the IV that can cause a change to the DV and affect the results in an unwanted way

Question 2

What are some examples of extraneous variables?

Answer 2

age
gender
prior knowledge
experimenter effect

Question 3

What is a confounding variable?

Answer 3

any variable other than the IV that has had an unwanted effect of the DV
= produces measurable change on the DV

Question 4

What are some extraneous and possible confounding variables?

Answer 4

experimenter effect
order effects
use of non standardized instructions or procedures
individual participant differences
placebo effect

Question 5

What is one way to reduce bias in sampling?

Answer 5

random sampling and stratified sampling

Question 6

What is the procedure used to ensure the participants do not know what group they are in?

Answer 6

single blind procedure

Question 7

What is the procedure used when neither the experimenter nor the participants know what group they are in?

Answer 7

double blind procedure

Question 8

What is used to reduce order effects?

Answer 8

counterbalancing

Question 9

Procedures and instructions should be what for all participants?

Answer 9

same or identical

Question 10

What is used to reduce individual participant differences?

Answer 10

repeated measures design