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PHARM ANA LEC > EXTRACTIVE AND CRUDE FIBER CONTENT > Flashcards

EXTRACTIVE AND CRUDE FIBER CONTENT Flashcards

1
Q

Is the WITHDRAWAL OF DESIRED CONSTITUENTS from crude drugs through the use of selected solvents in which the desired constituents are soluble.

A

EXTRACTIVE

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2
Q

Are VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL DRUGS that have undergone no other processes than collection, cleaning and drying.

A

CRUDE DRUGS

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3
Q

used in the manufacture of some pharmaceutical preparations

A

Semi-liquids or liquids of syrupy consistency

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4
Q

used in pill, ointment and suppositories

A

Plastic masses known as pilular or solid extracts

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5
Q

PLASTIC MASSES are known as

A

PILULAR / SOLID EXTRACTS

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6
Q

suited for incorporation into a POWDERED FORMULATION as in capsules, powders or tablets

A

Dry powders or Powdered extracts

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7
Q

A process in which the comminuted drugs is permitted to SOAK IN THE MENSTRUUM until the cellular structures is softened and penetrated by the menstruum and the soluble constituents are dissolved.

A

MACERATION

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8
Q

Is a process in which comminuted drug is extracted of its soluble constituents of the SLOW PASSAGE of a suitable solvent through a column of the drug. The drug is packed in extraction apparatus – the percolator with the extractive collected called the percolate.

A

PERCOLATION

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9
Q

This is a form of maceration in which GENTLE HEAT is used during the process.

A

DIGESTION

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10
Q

are prepared by MACERATING THE DRUGS for a SHORT PERIOD OF TIME with either cold or boiling water

A

FRESH INFUSION

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11
Q

an infusion is made with ½ - 1 oz dried herb to 2 pints of water, BREWED FOR SEVERAL HOURS OR OVERNIGHT

A

HERBAL INFUSION

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12
Q

This once popular process extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents from crude drugs by BOILING in water for 15 minutes, COOLING, STRAINING, and PASSING sufficient cold water through the drug to produce the required volume

A

DECOCTION

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13
Q

are found to be MOST EFFECTIVE and have MINIMAL SIDE EFFECTS.

A

DECOCTIONS

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14
Q

It is prepared from fresh herbs and is CONSUMED IMMEDIATELY after preparation and therefore there is no risk of adulteration, getting stale or degradation and untoward reaction.

A

DECOCTION

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15
Q

max ng timbol

A

25g

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16
Q

ADVANTAGES:
- w/o filtration
- can become the solvent after extraction

DISADVANTAGES:
- use small amount of sample
- expensive apparatus

A

CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION / SOXHLET EXTRACTION

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17
Q

ADVANTAGES:
- big amount of sample
- cheaper apparatus

DISADVANTAGES:
- w/ filtration

A

REFLUX DISTILLATION

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18
Q

solven is also known as

A

menstruum

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19
Q

solvent:
mabilis mag evaporate (maceration)

A

ETHER

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20
Q

a good solvent for RESINOUS matter & ALKALOIDS

A

ALCOHOL

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21
Q

Is the residue, consisting chiefly of CELLULOSE, that REMAINS UNDISSOLVED after successive treatment with boiling acids and alkali.

A

CRUDE FIBER

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22
Q

The method of analysis of fatty substances, waxes, resin, etc., usually consist of the determination of a NUMBER OF PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES or values known as _______

A

CONSTANT

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23
Q

Acid Value also known as

A

ACID NUMBER
ACIDITY INDEX

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24
Q

defined as the number of milligrams of KOH necessary to neutralize the FREE ACIDS in 1 g of oil, fat, wax, resin, balsam, and similar substances.

A

ACID VALUE / ACID NUMBER / ACIDITY INDEX

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25
Q

Saponification Value or Saponification Number is also known as

A

KOETTSDORFER NUMBER

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26
Q

defined as the number of milligrams of KOH required to NEUTRALIZE THE FREE ACIDS & SAPONIFY THE ESTERS contained in 1 g of fat, fatty or volatile oil, wax, resin, balsam, and similar substances.

A

SAPONIFICATION VALUE

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27
Q

Is defined as the number of milligrams of KOH required to SAPONIFY THE ESTERS in 1 g of a fatty or volatile oil, fats, wax, balsam, resin.

A

ESTER VALUE / ESTER NUMBER

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28
Q

may also be calculated in the same manner as the Saponification value

A

ESTER NUMBER

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29
Q

defined as the substances PRESENT IN OILS & FATS that are NOT SAPONIFIED by alkali hydroxides but are soluble in ordinary fat solvents

A

UNSAPONIFIABLE MATTER

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30
Q

When oil and fats are saponified, there remains a small amount of residue that may consist of _____ in VEGETABLE oils and ______ in ANIMALS

A

PHYTOSTEROL - plants
CHOLESTEROL - animals

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31
Q

Is the number of grams of IODINE absorbed under specified conditions by 100 g of oil, fat, wax, or other substances.

A

IODINE VALUE / IODINE NUMBER

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32
Q

This value is a quantitative measure of the PROPORTION OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS PRESENT, both free and uncombined as esters, that have the property of absorbing iodine

A

IODINE VALUE / IODINE NUMBER

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33
Q

fats that has 2-3 double bonds

A

POLYUNSATURATED

34
Q

fats with single bonds

A

SATURATED

35
Q

fats with one double bond

A

MONOUNSATURATED

36
Q

have a VERY HIGH IODINE NUMBER, above 120, since they contain a large proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.

A

DRYING OIL

37
Q

DRYING OIL IODINE NUMBER

A

ABOVE 120

38
Q

have relatively LOW iodine number below 100.

A

NON-DRYING OIL

39
Q

NON-DRYING OIL IODINE NUMBER

A

BELOW 100

40
Q

have INTERMEDIATE iodine values, that is between 100 and 120

A

SEMI-DRYING OIL

41
Q

SEMI-DRYING OIL IODINE NUMBER

A

BETWEEN 100 & 120

42
Q

METHODS OF IODINE VALUE DETERMINATION THAT ARE NOT USED ANYMORE

A

Hübl
Hanus
Wijs

43
Q

method of iodine value determination that is FIRST to be disregarded bcs una nawala sa market

A

HUBL

44
Q

the number of milligrams of Potassium hydroxide equivalent to the hydroxyl content of 1 gram o the substance

A

HYDROXYL VALUE

45
Q

This constant gives an indication of the IDENTITY & PURITY OF FATTY SUBSTANCES possessing alcoholic hydroxyl groups.

A

HYDROXYL VALUE

46
Q

Is the number of milligrams of Potassium hydroxide required to NEUTRALIZE THE ACETIC ACID obtained by the saponification of 1 gram of acetylated fatty acids.

A

ACETYL VALUE OF FATTY ACIDS

47
Q

Certain fatty oils particularly those of ANIMAL ORIGIN which are NOT HIGHLY REFINED, frequently contain some moisture and non-fatty tissue residues.

A

WATER & SEDIMENTS IN FATTY OILS

48
Q

Also known as ETHEREAL oils or ESSENTIAL oils

A

VOLATILE OILS

49
Q

Are generally complex products composed of MIXTURE OF COMPOUNDS of widely variant chemical characteristics

A

VOLATILE OILS

50
Q

Orange, Caraway, Corriander, Lemon, Turpentine, Rosemary

A

OIL LIGHTER THAN WATER

51
Q

Anise, Cinnamon, Clove, Sasafras

A

OIL HEAVIER THAN WATER

52
Q

Hydrocarbons
Alcohols
Esters
Ketones

A

LIGHTER THAN WATER

53
Q

Aldehydes
Phenols
Phenolic derivatives
Esters

A

HEAVIER THAN WATER

54
Q

Specific gravity of official volatile oil range between

A

0.84 & 1.2

55
Q

determine optically active substances

A

ROTARY POWER

56
Q

The ________ the congealing point of the oil the MORE they are valued

A

HIGHER

57
Q

ASSAY FOR ALCOHOL CONTENT
* APPARATUS:

A

Acetylization Flask

58
Q

ASSAY FOR PHENOL CONTENT
* APPARATUS:

A

CASIA FLASK

59
Q

ASSAY FOR VOLATILE OIL IN SPIRITS
* APPARATUS:

A

BABCOCK BOTTLE

60
Q

MAY BE DEFINED AS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
1. Which are obtained from plant, animal or synthetic sources
2. Contain organic nitrogen(s) within their chemical structure
3. Possess physiological activity

A

ALKALOIDS

61
Q

Alkaloids (R3N) arealso called

A

FREE ALKALOIDS

62
Q

are SPARINGLY SOLUBLE in water but readily soluble in most organic solvent.

A

ALKALOIDS

63
Q

are READILY SOLUBLE in water and sparingly soluble in organic solvents

A

ALKALOIDAL SALTS

64
Q

Alkaloids combine directly with _______ to form salts that are usually soluble in water but insoluble in certain organic solvents

A

ACIDS

65
Q

Alkaloids combine directly with acids to form _____ that are usually soluble in water but insoluble in certain organic solvents

A

SALTS

66
Q

Alkaloids combine directly with acids to form salts that are usually __________ but insoluble in certain organic solvents

A

SOLUBLE IN WATER

67
Q

Alkaloids are liberated from ___________ of their salts by alkalines

A

AQ. SOLUTIONS

68
Q

Alkaloids are liberated from aqueous solutions of their salts by ________

A

ALKALINES

69
Q

Alkaloids form _____________ with a considerable number of reagents, especially with the salts of some HEAVY METALS, such as mercury, gold, and platinum.

A

HIGHLY INSOLUBLE PRECIPITATES

70
Q

Is prepared by slowly adding a 10% solution of Potassium iodide to RED MERCURIC IODIDE until all is dissolved.

A

VALSER’S

71
Q

VALSER’S REAGENT POSITIVE RESULT

A

WHITE PPT

72
Q

Is a solution containing 1.275 g of iodine and 3.6 g Potassium iodide dissolved in sufficient distilled water to make 100 mL

A

WAGNER’S

73
Q

WAGNER’S POSITIVE RESULT

A

REDDISH BROWN PPT

74
Q

s a solution of 1.3558 g of MERCURIC CHLORIDE in 60 mL of water and mixed with 5 g of Potassium Iodide in 10 mL of water and the mixture diluted to 100 mL with water.

A

MAYER’S

75
Q

MAYER’S POSITIVE RESULT

A

YELLOW PPT

76
Q

Solution of POTASSIUM BISMUTH IODIDE

A

DRAGGENDORFF’S

77
Q

DRAGGENDORFF’S POSITIVE RESULT

A

ORANGE PPT

78
Q

If the percent of extractive represents the TOTAL OF A CLASS of plant principles, such as; alkaloids, glycosides, etc.

A

PROXIMATE ASSAY

79
Q

If the PERCENT EXTRACTIVE FROM A CRUDE DRUG represents a single chemical species, such as morphine

A

ULTIMATE ASSAY

80
Q

CAFFEINATED COFFEE SPECS:

A

NLT 1%
NMT 2%

81
Q

DECAF COFFEE SPECS

A

NMT 0.8%

PHARM ANA LEC (11 decks)

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