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Chemistry > Extraction and use of metals > Flashcards

Extraction and use of metals Flashcards

1
Q

the more reactive a metal is…

A

the harder it is to extract it from a compound

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2
Q

lots of common metals react with…to form…

A

oxygen…oxides

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3
Q

what is the reaction that involves the separation of a metal from the oxygen?

A

a reduction reaction

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4
Q

what is the reducing agent?

A

the substance that reduces the metal

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5
Q

what is the most common reducing agent?

A

carbon

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6
Q

copper oxide is reduced to copper:

A

2CuO + C = 2Cu + CO2

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7
Q

Methods of extraction are linked to the…

A

order of reactivity

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8
Q

only metals…than…can be reduced by…

A

less reactive…carbon…carbon

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9
Q

very reactive metals form…

A

very stable ores

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10
Q

metals that are more reactive than carbon need to be extracted using…

A

electrolysis

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11
Q

what is the melting point of aluminium?

A

2000 degrees celcius

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12
Q

what is aluminium dissolved in?

A

molten cryolite (a less common ore than aluminium)

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13
Q

What does the molten cryolite do?

A

it brings the temperature down to about 900 degrees celcius

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14
Q

what electrode are the aluminium ions attracted to?

A

the negative

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15
Q

what happens to the aluminium atoms once they gain electrons?

A

they sink to the bottom

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16
Q

why do the positive electrodes always need to be replaced?

A

they get worn down by reacting with oxygen

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17
Q

at the negative electrode:

A

Al3+ + 3e- –> Al

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18
Q

at the positive electrode:

A

202- –> O2 + 4e-

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19
Q

why is electrolysis expensive?

A
  • it uses lots of electricity
  • the need to heat the electrolyte
  • the frequent replacement of electrodes
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20
Q

what are the raw materials used for extracting iron from iron ore?

A
  • iron ore
  • coke
  • limestone
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21
Q

what is coke?

A

almost pure carbon

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22
Q

what is the purpose of limestone?

A

to take away impurities in the form of slag

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23
Q

step 1:

A

hot air is blasted into the furnace, making the coke burn much faster than normal
this raises the temperature to about 1500 degrees Celsius

24
Q

Step 2:

A

the coke burns to produce carbon dioxide

25
Q

step 2 equation:

A

C + O2 –> CO2

26
Q

step 3:

A

the carbon dioxide then reacts with the unburnt coke to form carbon monoxide

27
Q

step 3 equation:

A

CO2 + C –> 2CO

28
Q

Step 4:

A

the carbon monoxide then reduces the iron ore to iron

29
Q

step 4 equation:

A

3CO + Fe2O3 –> 3CO2 + 2Fe

30
Q

step 5:

A

the iron is molten at this temperature but is also very dense, so it runs straight to the bottom of the furnace where it’s tapped off

31
Q

What is the main impurity from this process?

A

sand (silicon dioxide)

32
Q

what removes the impurity?

A

the limestone

33
Q

Step 1 of removing the impurity:

A

the limestone is decomposed by the heat into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

34
Q

Step 1 of removing the impurity: equation

A

CaCO3 –> CaO + CO2

35
Q

Step 2 of removing the impurity:

A

the calcium oxide reacts with the sand to form calcium silicate, or slag, which is molten and can be tapped off

36
Q

What is the cooled slag used for?

A
  • road building

- fertiliser

37
Q

what are the properties of aluminium and iron? (6)

A
  • both dense and lustrous (shiny)
  • high melting points
  • high tensile strength
  • malleable
  • good conductors of electricity
  • good conductors of heat energy
38
Q

uses of iron:

A
  • wrought iron (malleable)

- alloys

39
Q

what is cast iron made of?

A

iron, carbon and silicon

40
Q

what is steel made of?

A

iron, carbon and usually some other metals

41
Q

what is the main problem with iron?

A

it corrodes easily

42
Q

uses of aluminium:

A
  • it doesnt corrode so is used for products that come into contact with water (eg drinks cans)
  • aluminium is much less dense than iron so can be used for bicycle frames and aeroplanes
43
Q

What is ammonia used for?

A

Fertilisers
Making nitric acid
Making nylon

44
Q

Where does the nitrogen come from?

A

Air

45
Q

Where does the hydrogen come from?

A

Natural gas

46
Q

What temperature does the Haber process happen at?

A

450

47
Q

What pressure does the haber process happen at?

A

200 atm

48
Q

What is the catalyst used for the Haber process?

A

Iron

49
Q

First step contact process

A

Majing sulfur dioxide

50
Q

Second step contact process

A

Making sulfur trioxide

51
Q

Third step contact process

A

Making liquid oleum

52
Q

Fourth step contact process

A

Making concentrated sulfuric acid

53
Q

Uses for sulfuric acid

A

Fertilisers
Detergents
Paints

54
Q

Temperature contact process

A

450

55
Q

Pressure contact process

A

2 atm

56
Q

Catalyst contact process

A

Vanadium(v) oxide

Chemistry (15 decks)

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