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Cell & Molecular Biology > Extracellular matrix > Flashcards

Extracellular matrix Flashcards

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1
Q

How much of our body is cell?

A

50%

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2
Q

What are examples of specialised ECM (extracellular matrix)?

A

bone (calcified)
hair (fibrous & loose)
tendons (tensile strength)
cornea (transparent)
skin (elastin)

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3
Q

What does the extracellular matrix regulate?

A
  • Migration (cell migration)
  • Tissue integrity & cell shape
  • Proliferation (cell growth)
  • Differentiation
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4
Q

What does the collagen fibre provide?

A

Provides strength

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5
Q

What does the elastic fibre provide?

A

Provides pliability

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6
Q

What are 2 examples of fibrous proteins?

A
  • collagens
  • elastin
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7
Q

What are 2 examples of adhesion proteins?

A
  • fibronectin
  • laminin
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8
Q

What is one of the most abundant proteins in the body?

A

Collagen

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9
Q

How many variants of collagen are there?

A

20-40 variants - different functions but highly conserved

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10
Q

Describe the structure of collagen

A
  • Triple Helix
  • 3 alpha chains
  • produced by fibroblasts & epithelial cells
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11
Q

What are 3 examples of collagen defects?

A
  • Ehlers-danios syndrome
  • Vascular form
  • Arterial rupture
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12
Q

What % of the dry weight of aorta is elastin?

A

Elastin

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13
Q

What is tropoelastin converted to, in the presence of lysyl oxidase?

A

elastin

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14
Q

Where can fibrilin (elastin laid over microfibril scaffold of fibrillin) be found?

A

Bones & eyes

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15
Q

Is a glycosaminogylcan (GAG) charged?

A

Highly charged

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16
Q

What has a higher % of sugar - proteogylcan or glycoprotein?

A

proteoglycan (95%), over glycoprotein (60%)

17
Q

Where are adhesion glycoproteins (laminins) present?

A

between epithelium & basal lamina

18
Q

How does fibronectin bind to matrix?

A

through divalent cations. removal of cations causes cells to detach

19
Q

What is a component of a focal adhesion?

A

transmembrane receptors (integrins), which is connected to the cytoskeleton and is involved in signalling. Talin binds to the integrin.

20
Q

What is the consequence of the knockout of beta 1 integrin?

A

embryonic lethal at implantation (Day 5)

21
Q

What is the consequence of the knockout of alpha 5 integrin?

A

embryonic lethal mesoderm development (Day 10)

22
Q

What is the consequence of the knockout of AiibB3 integrin?

A

bleeding gums & nose bleeds

23
Q

What is the consequence of the knockout of B2 integrin?

A
  • leukocytes adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndrome
  • impaired expression
  • recurrent bacterial infections
24
Q
A

Cell & Molecular Biology (20 decks)

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