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Cell & Molecular Biology > Cell junctions > Flashcards

Cell junctions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 types of cell junctions?

A
  • tight junctions
  • cell-cell anchoring junctions
  • cell-matrix anchoring junctions (holding hands junction)
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2
Q

What are belt desmosomes?

A

Cluster of junctions, which are connected to the cytoskeleton. This forms a belt around the cell.

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3
Q

What are cadherins?

A

transmembrane receptor

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4
Q

What molecule are cadherins dependent on?

A

calcium

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5
Q

What type of homophilic interactions can be seen in E. cadherin?

A

E. cadherins bind E. cadherins

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6
Q

How are cadherins anchored together - how do they make strong links between cells?

A

Homophilic interactions & links to actin cytoskeleton

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of actin-linked junctions?

A
  • Adherens junction (bind to a cell)
  • Focal adhesion (bind to extracellular matrix)
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8
Q

Explain the different steps in the adhesion belt in morphogenesis

A

Cadherin –> Catenin –> Actin –> Myosin

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9
Q

Describe the formation of a neural tube

A

The sheet of epithelial cells will bend (curve), where contaction occurs, as the basal lamina isn’t very flexible. This leads to invagination and eventually forming a neural tube.

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10
Q

What is the intermediate filament of an integrin?

A

hemidesmosome

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11
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

Integrin’s intermediate filament, which attach cells to basal lamina.

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12
Q

What is the intermediate filament of a cadherin?

A

desmosome

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13
Q

What are desmosomes?

A
  • cell-to-cell junctions
  • plentiful in heart muscle & epidermis
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14
Q

What filaments prevent tearing, as long formations across the cell?

A

Keratin filaments

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15
Q

What is the role of pemphigus?

A

Contains desmoglein, hold together keratinocytes in epidermis. can cause autoimmune skin blistering.

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16
Q

Between what layers do a tight junction form?

A

Form between the apical & basal layers of the cells.

17
Q

What is the function of tight junctions?

A
  • can completely prevent things entering cells. It stops dehydration and regulate what enters. This will present in places where a barrier is needed.
  • prevent fluid, ion & membrane flow
    (transcellular transport & paracellular transport)
18
Q

Where are tight junctions found?

A

epithelial cells - e.g. gut

19
Q

What are the 2 types of proteins found in tight junction?

A

occludin & claudin

20
Q

Approximately how many types of claudin are there?

A

25 types

21
Q

What is the result of having different types of claudin?

A

creates specificity for different tight junction

22
Q

What 2 protein/lipids can be found on the apical outer membrane?

A
  • glycolipid
  • cholesterol
23
Q

What protein/lipid is found on the basolateral membrane?

A
  • phosphatidylcholine
24
Q

Where are gap junctions found?

A
  • connective tissue, epithelia, neurons, heart muscle
25
Q

What can fit through the pores created at gap junctions?

A

Water, inorganic ions, sugars, amino acid, ATP, cAMP, IP3

26
Q

What does gap junction regulate?

A

allows regulated & direct cell-cell communication

27
Q

What subunits are gap junctions composed of?

A

6 connexins

28
Q

What do different compositions of different types of connexins allow for?

A

this allows for specificity

29
Q

What regulates gap junctions?

A
  • membrane potential
  • pH
  • calcium
  • cell signals
30
Q

An influx of what molecule leaking into a neurone will kill a neurone?

A

Calcium

31
Q

The addition of what neurotransmitter can lead to gap junctions closing?

A

dopamine

32
Q

What are the key uses of junctions?

A
  • Integrity
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Compartments
  • Communication
  • Protein families
33
Q

What are selectins?

A

surface receptors that bind to sugars

34
Q
A

Cell & Molecular Biology (20 decks)

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