Extra stuff Flashcards
What is the normal range for a healthy heart ejection fraction?
55-70%
how would the ejection fraction of a hypertrophied left ventricle change?
stay the same cos muscles get bigger but the ventricles reduce in volume
definition of someone in stage 3 heart failure (NYHA)
comfortable at rest but breathless on minimal exertion
what is the ABCDE of features on a cxr with heart failure
alevolar edema B, kerley lines cardiomegaly dilated upper lobe vessels Effusion, pleural
what is the pulse characteristics of someone with aortic stenosis? pulse pressure?
slow rising pulse + narrow pulse pressure
is BP high or low in aortic stenosis?
low
what is the pulse characteristics of someone with aortic regurgitation? pulse pressure?
wide pulse pressure and collapsing pulse
most common cause of mitral stenosis?
rheumatic fever
when is a malar flush seen in cardiac conditions?
mitral stenosis
what will heart sounds sound like in mitral regurgitation?
3rd heart sound
which left sided murmur is accentuated by exhaling and leaning fowards
aortic regurgitation
where is aortic regurgitation heard loudest over
left sternal edge
what does the chad vas score and the hasbled score tell you?
chadvas gives the risk of having a stroke in AF
hasbled estimates the risk of bleeding
can you give warfarin in AF if someone has a high hasbled score?
no.
which valvular condition would cause a ventricular heave, and raised JVP
mitral stenosis
contraindicated drug in asthmatics?
beta blockers
what is the expected PaCO2 in acute asthma?
low
what cell type can be seen in excess during an asthma attaack?
eosinophils
medications given to asthmatics in order of severity
SABA e.g. salbutamol
ICS e.g. dexamethasone
LABA e.g salmeterol
LAMA e.g. ipratropium or LTRA e.g. montelukast or theophylline
what causes a bovine cough?
laryngeal nerve compression, ?lung cancer
which lung cancers are more associated with smoking?
squamos cell
small cell lung cancer
which lung cancer is more associated with paraneoplastic effects
small cell lung cancer
what can small cell lung cancer present as
hyponatraemia - SIADH
cushings syndrome
hypercalcaemia - PTH excess
lambert eaton myesthenia - VGCC antibodies
what is most common cause of lambert eaton myesthenia
small cell lung cancer
a 62 year old man with a 75 smoking pack year history presents with a 8 month history of progressive weakness in his limbs, abnormal gait, difficulty raising arms, and absent tendon reflexes.
what is are possible diagnoses?
lambert eaton myesthenia - SCLC
myesthenia gravis
what is the 13C urea breath test diagnostic for?
gastric H Pylori infection
what is the recommended antbx regime for symptomatic h pylori gastritis ( no penicilin allergy)
amox + clari/metro
+ PPI
what does a xanthochromic CSF indicate?
SAH
red flags for headache
associated with change in posture worse in the morning thunderclap headache progressively getting worse over weeks fever assoc w/ neurological symptoms
which kind of headache can have autonomic symptoms?
cluster headaches
what kind of autonomic symptoms can you get with cluster headaches?
drooping eyelid
red watery eyes
constricted pupil
runny/blocked nose
