Cardiovascular Week 2 Flashcards
6 cardinal symptoms for cardiovascular cases
dyspnea chest pain syncope palpitation ankle swelling
common causes of chest pain
ACS angina PE pericarditis aortic syndromes LRTI dyspepsia GB/pancreatic causes MSK/traumatic
what sputum does PE produce
pink frothy
questions to ask regarding SOB
exacerbation/relief?
when?
orthopnea?
PND?
palpitation details
rhythm, rate duration precipitating factors relieving factors associated symptoms pmh/dh/fmhx
how to grade ankle edema?
report how high up pitting edema goes, up to knee or thigh etc
risk factors for CVS diseases
rheumatic fever hypertension diabetes high cholesterol thyroid disease kidney disease
what phenomenon can be seen with occupations with excessive vibrations
raynauds phenomenons
what to do if apex beat cannot be felt?
feel more laterally or roll over to left
how to accentuate mitral murmur on examination?
roll over to left, listen at apex beat and exhale and hold
how to accentuate tricuspid murmurs
sit forward and auscultate lower left sternal edge, exhale
paper speed and mV calibration in ECG
25mm/s 10mm/mV
what plane view do limb leads give
coronal, round view
what plane view do chest leads give
transverse, horizontal plane
sequence to check ECG
patient demographic technical settings rate (atrial & vent) rhythm axis (left or right or normal) P wave - PR interval QRS - narrow or broad T wave and ST segment changes QT/QTc
duration of tiniest square
0.04s
how many big squares for 1 min
300
how to calculate heart rate from ECG
look at 10s strip
OR
count big squares between R waves and divide 300 by
criteria for sinus rhythm
regular rhythm P waves present P waves followed by QRS 60-100 BPM PR interval regular and constant
which leads will show a left deviation?
I will be positive, II will be negative, also avL will be more positive
how to see normal axis
lead I and II are positive
what is the angle of normal axis
-30 to +90deg
indications of right deviation
limb lead II positive, I is negative.
how long should P wave be
less than 0.11s