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3 FoCP > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Atopic conditions associated with skin conditions

A

Eczema
Asthma
Hay fever
Urticaria

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2
Q

Which cardiac medication can cause psoriasis

A

Beta blocker

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3
Q

What skin condition can antibiotics cause

A

Rash

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4
Q

Why is social history more important in skin conditions

A

Job - hand/skin/chemical exposure

Pets

Foreign travel

Sun exposure (real or artificial)

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5
Q

What to clarify when asking about sun exposure

A

Real or artificial, do u use sun screen?

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6
Q

Describe the type 1 - 6 skins on the fitzpatrick scale

A

Type 1 - ginger, white burns easily

Type 6 - black, never burns

Everything else in between, 4-5 is asian, arabic.

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7
Q

What is key in the history of a skin lesion to differentiate something sinister from something benign

A

How quickly it has changed, did it get bigger quickly over a few weeks, months, years or always been the same.

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8
Q

How should the patient be dressed in a dermatology examination

A

Full undressed

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9
Q

How to describe a lesion? - SCAM

A

Size
Color
Associated secondary change
Morphology, margin

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10
Q

When do u use the ABCDE system to describe something on the skin?

A

When it is pigmented (moles)

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11
Q

What is the ABCDE system used to describe a skin lesion

A 
Asymmetry?
Border
Color variation
Diameter (Size)
Elevation & evolution
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12
Q

What to notice in palpation of a skin lesion

A

Surface texture
Consistency (what its filled with)
Mobility
Temperature

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13
Q

What is a macule

A

Flat discoloration (cannot feel if eyes closed)

Small

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14
Q

What is a large macule called

A

Patch

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15
Q

What is a large discoloration that cannot be felt

A

Patch

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16
Q

What is a small solid raised lesion

A

Papule

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17
Q

What is a nodule

A

Large solid raised lesion

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18
Q

What is a pus filled lesion called

A

Pustule

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19
Q

What is another name for a blister

A

Bullous

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20
Q

What is a small blister called

A

Vesicle

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21
Q

What is a plaque

A

Elevated scaly lesion

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22
Q

Describe a target lesion

A

Like a bullseye, concentric circles with two shades of color

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23
Q

What is koebnerisation

A

Hardening of the lesion caused by trauma or scratching

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24
Q

What is the definition of erythroderma

A

Erythematous skin >90% of body

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25
Why is erythroderma an emergency
Failure of skin Failure of infection barrier Failure to keep moisture in Failure to regulate body temperature (hypothermia)
26
What is a type of generalised vesicle that can develop all over the body and is an emergency
Eczema hepaticum
27
What skin condition can cause blindness
Eczema herpaticum
28
What is PPPP and describe it
Palmar plantar pustular psoriasis Purulent sterile pustules that develop on the sole of the feet.
29
PPPP pustules are caused by infection - T or F
F, they are just filled with neutrophils
30
What are the risk factors of skin cancer
Sun exposure Age Family link Other skin cancers
31
Describe a seborrhoeic kerastosis
``` Stucked on appearance Cribiform Craggy Light or dark Rough texture ```
32
What pre-malignant skin lesions can lead to skin cancer
Actinic keratoses Bowen’s disease Cutaneous horn
33
What can precede a malignant melanoma
Lentigo maligna
34
Difference in appearance of an actinic keratoses and Bowen’s disease
BD is more organised, progressed dysplasia of the epidermis Compared to AK which is more diffused, red and can be rough
35
What does a cutaneous horn look like
A vertically growing structure that can have deeper roots in the skin
36
Appearance of a basal cell carcinoma
Pearly transluence Rolled edge Can be ulcerated in the middle Arborising telangectasia
37
Characteristics of a BCC
Slow growing Sun exposed site Not tender
38
Which types of skin cancer require 2 week notice referral
SCC and malignant melanoma
39
Why is SCC more dangerous than BCC
Can metastasise, more aggressive, faster growing
40
How to differentiate a benign naevi from a malignant melanoma
``` Growing bigger rapidly Lack of symmetry Bleeding Painful Change in color ```
41
Why is an elevated malignant melanoma more worrisome?
Means it is growing deeper into the skin
42
What is a malignant melanoma under the nail called and how to differentiate that from a bruise
Acral lentiginous Will be on the skin as well which a simple nail bruise will not
43
What is it called when a malignant melanoma is not black
Amelanotic melanoma
44
Difference between irritant dermatitis and allergic dermatitis
Irritant dermatitis caused by direct skin damage Allergic is a substance which has been sensitised by the body to cause a reaction, takes 1-2 days.
45
typical causes of allergic dermatitis?
latex, nickel, hennah, elastoplast, hair dye, fragrances
46
what occupations are risk factors for allergic dermatitis
hair stylist, cleaners, health care workers
47
symptoms of atopic dermatitis
tend to be on flexors dry, scaly patches itches, can see lichenification due to scratching
48
typical sites for seborrhoeic dermatitis
medial eye brows scalp around nose upper chest
49
characteristics of discoid dermatitis
round shaped eczema commonly on leg
50
how do varicose eczema form
venous insufficiency due to poor blood flow can lead to ulceration
51
what can stasis eczema turn into
ulceration
52
signs and symptoms of eczema herpeticum
wide spread ulcers/vesicles painful, rapid spread can cause blindness systemically unwell
53
difference between eczema and psoriasis
eczema normally ill defined borders, more diffuse patches psoriasis tend to be plaques, with thick surfaces eczema is red and itchy, scratched often psoriasis is less itchy, whitish and slivery
54
2 age peaks of psoriasis
late teens and after middle age
55
describe the koebner phenomenon
trauma to an area brought on by scratching, leads to hardening and keratising of the surface, leading to psoriasis
56
what is a psoriatic plaque made of
keratinocytes and keratin
57
where are psoriatic plaques commonly found
extensor surfaces - eblow, back of hands, knees, nape of neck, lumbar region
58
what is a psoriatic plaque that forms on the inner elbow called
flexural psoriasis
59
describe guttate psoriasis
small tear drop papules that form all over, usually around the trunk, upper arm and thighs. usually follows strep pharyngitis
60
describe nail changes in psoriasis
pitting subungal onycholysis subungal hyperkeratosis
61
what is onycholysis
painless separation of the nail from nail bed
62
what is erythrodermic psoriasis
wide spread generalised redness of the skin, can be fatal. due to dehydration and hypothermia
63
conditions associated with psoriasis
``` psoriatic arthritis IBD uveitis coeliacs disease metabolic syndrome ```
64
what are metabolic syndromes associated with psoriasis
``` t2dm obesity h/t h/c gout cvd ```
65
when is a common age for eczema presentation?
<5 y/o
66
if a skin lesion is not itchy, can it still be atopic eczema?
unlikely
67
difference between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis
ACD - type 4 HS, delayed response, prior sensitisation, can be on areas not exposed to allergen ICD - non-HS reaction, direction irritation of skin by substance, causing inflammation on exposed skin, comes within 48 hours. associated with atopy
68
common causes of irritant contact dermatitis?
soaps detergent hair dyes paints and oils
69
what organism is associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis?
mellasezia
70
describe discoid dermatitis
round erythematous lesions with raised edges, usually symmetrical, can become plaques. itchy.
71
what to exclude when suspecting discoid dermatitis
tinea
72
what causes pigmentation of varcose dermatitis?
haemosiderin deposits
73
symptoms of varicose eczema
itching, pain, swelling, redness, usually dry, pigmented - dark brown
74
common area for varicose eczema
around ankles and up the calf
75
when is patch testing done?
to find the cause of allergic contact dermatitis
76
how long is the patch left on for in patch testing?
48 hours
77
when is skin prick testing done?
to find the cause of an allergy
78
features of erythema nodosum
red, tender nodules, poorly defined borders, 2-6cm diameter. nodules first appear tense, hard and painful before coming fluctuant.
79
prodrome of erythema nodosum
fever, aching and joint pains
80
common area for erythema nodosum
front of legs, shins
81
arthralgia is uncommon in erythema nodosum - T or F
F, it is common, usually red, swollen, tender with morning stiffness.
82
common cause of erythema nodosum
underlying infection
83
what skin condition can be associated with gastroenteritis
erythema nodosum
84
what bacterial infection is most common underlying cause of erythema nodosum?
streptococcal
85
management for erythema nodosum
self-limiting, supportive
86
a 38 year old woman presents with itchy, erythematous lesions on her hands and feet. they are red and round with a pale center. she reports having recently recovered from pneumonia. what is the diagnosis of the skin lesions?
erythema multiforme
87
what skin condition is classically described as a target lesion
erythema multiforme

3 FoCP (11 decks)

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