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3 FoCP > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Atopic conditions associated with skin conditions

A

Eczema
Asthma
Hay fever
Urticaria

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2
Q

Which cardiac medication can cause psoriasis

A

Beta blocker

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3
Q

What skin condition can antibiotics cause

A

Rash

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4
Q

Why is social history more important in skin conditions

A

Job - hand/skin/chemical exposure

Pets

Foreign travel

Sun exposure (real or artificial)

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5
Q

What to clarify when asking about sun exposure

A

Real or artificial, do u use sun screen?

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6
Q

Describe the type 1 - 6 skins on the fitzpatrick scale

A

Type 1 - ginger, white burns easily

Type 6 - black, never burns

Everything else in between, 4-5 is asian, arabic.

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7
Q

What is key in the history of a skin lesion to differentiate something sinister from something benign

A

How quickly it has changed, did it get bigger quickly over a few weeks, months, years or always been the same.

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8
Q

How should the patient be dressed in a dermatology examination

A

Full undressed

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9
Q

How to describe a lesion? - SCAM

A

Size
Color
Associated secondary change
Morphology, margin

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10
Q

When do u use the ABCDE system to describe something on the skin?

A

When it is pigmented (moles)

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11
Q

What is the ABCDE system used to describe a skin lesion

A 
Asymmetry?
Border
Color variation
Diameter (Size)
Elevation & evolution
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12
Q

What to notice in palpation of a skin lesion

A

Surface texture
Consistency (what its filled with)
Mobility
Temperature

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13
Q

What is a macule

A

Flat discoloration (cannot feel if eyes closed)

Small

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14
Q

What is a large macule called

A

Patch

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15
Q

What is a large discoloration that cannot be felt

A

Patch

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16
Q

What is a small solid raised lesion

A

Papule

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17
Q

What is a nodule

A

Large solid raised lesion

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18
Q

What is a pus filled lesion called

A

Pustule

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19
Q

What is another name for a blister

A

Bullous

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20
Q

What is a small blister called

A

Vesicle

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21
Q

What is a plaque

A

Elevated scaly lesion

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22
Q

Describe a target lesion

A

Like a bullseye, concentric circles with two shades of color

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23
Q

What is koebnerisation

A

Hardening of the lesion caused by trauma or scratching

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24
Q

What is the definition of erythroderma

A

Erythematous skin >90% of body

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25
Q

Why is erythroderma an emergency

A

Failure of skin

Failure of infection barrier
Failure to keep moisture in
Failure to regulate body temperature (hypothermia)

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26
Q

What is a type of generalised vesicle that can develop all over the body and is an emergency

A

Eczema hepaticum

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27
Q

What skin condition can cause blindness

A

Eczema herpaticum

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28
Q

What is PPPP and describe it

A

Palmar plantar pustular psoriasis

Purulent sterile pustules that develop on the sole of the feet.

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29
Q

PPPP pustules are caused by infection - T or F

A

F, they are just filled with neutrophils

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30
Q

What are the risk factors of skin cancer

A

Sun exposure
Age
Family link
Other skin cancers

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31
Q

Describe a seborrhoeic kerastosis

A 
Stucked on appearance
Cribiform
Craggy
Light or dark
Rough texture
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32
Q

What pre-malignant skin lesions can lead to skin cancer

A

Actinic keratoses
Bowen’s disease
Cutaneous horn

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33
Q

What can precede a malignant melanoma

A

Lentigo maligna

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34
Q

Difference in appearance of an actinic keratoses and Bowen’s disease

A

BD is more organised, progressed dysplasia of the epidermis

Compared to AK which is more diffused, red and can be rough

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35
Q

What does a cutaneous horn look like

A

A vertically growing structure that can have deeper roots in the skin

36
Q

Appearance of a basal cell carcinoma

A

Pearly transluence
Rolled edge
Can be ulcerated in the middle
Arborising telangectasia

37
Q

Characteristics of a BCC

A

Slow growing
Sun exposed site
Not tender

38
Q

Which types of skin cancer require 2 week notice referral

A

SCC and malignant melanoma

39
Q

Why is SCC more dangerous than BCC

A

Can metastasise, more aggressive, faster growing

40
Q

How to differentiate a benign naevi from a malignant melanoma

A 
Growing bigger rapidly
Lack of symmetry
Bleeding
Painful
Change in color
41
Q

Why is an elevated malignant melanoma more worrisome?

A

Means it is growing deeper into the skin

42
Q

What is a malignant melanoma under the nail called and how to differentiate that from a bruise

A

Acral lentiginous

Will be on the skin as well which a simple nail bruise will not

43
Q

What is it called when a malignant melanoma is not black

A

Amelanotic melanoma

44
Q

Difference between irritant dermatitis and allergic dermatitis

A

Irritant dermatitis caused by direct skin damage

Allergic is a substance which has been sensitised by the body to cause a reaction, takes 1-2 days.

45
Q

typical causes of allergic dermatitis?

A

latex, nickel, hennah, elastoplast, hair dye, fragrances

46
Q

what occupations are risk factors for allergic dermatitis

A

hair stylist, cleaners, health care workers

47
Q

symptoms of atopic dermatitis

A

tend to be on flexors

dry, scaly patches

itches, can see lichenification due to scratching

48
Q

typical sites for seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

medial eye brows
scalp
around nose
upper chest

49
Q

characteristics of discoid dermatitis

A

round shaped eczema commonly on leg

50
Q

how do varicose eczema form

A

venous insufficiency due to poor blood flow

can lead to ulceration

51
Q

what can stasis eczema turn into

A

ulceration

52
Q

signs and symptoms of eczema herpeticum

A

wide spread ulcers/vesicles
painful, rapid spread

can cause blindness

systemically unwell

53
Q

difference between eczema and psoriasis

A

eczema normally ill defined borders, more diffuse patches

psoriasis tend to be plaques, with thick surfaces

eczema is red and itchy, scratched often

psoriasis is less itchy, whitish and slivery

54
Q

2 age peaks of psoriasis

A

late teens and after middle age

55
Q

describe the koebner phenomenon

A

trauma to an area brought on by scratching, leads to hardening and keratising of the surface, leading to psoriasis

56
Q

what is a psoriatic plaque made of

A

keratinocytes and keratin

57
Q

where are psoriatic plaques commonly found

A

extensor surfaces - eblow, back of hands, knees, nape of neck, lumbar region

58
Q

what is a psoriatic plaque that forms on the inner elbow called

A

flexural psoriasis

59
Q

describe guttate psoriasis

A

small tear drop papules that form all over, usually around the trunk, upper arm and thighs. usually follows strep pharyngitis

60
Q

describe nail changes in psoriasis

A

pitting
subungal onycholysis
subungal hyperkeratosis

61
Q

what is onycholysis

A

painless separation of the nail from nail bed

62
Q

what is erythrodermic psoriasis

A

wide spread generalised redness of the skin, can be fatal. due to dehydration and hypothermia

63
Q

conditions associated with psoriasis

A 
psoriatic arthritis
IBD
uveitis
coeliacs disease
metabolic syndrome
64
Q

what are metabolic syndromes associated with psoriasis

A 
t2dm
obesity
h/t
h/c
gout
cvd
65
Q

when is a common age for eczema presentation?

A

<5 y/o

66
Q

if a skin lesion is not itchy, can it still be atopic eczema?

A

unlikely

67
Q

difference between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis

A

ACD - type 4 HS, delayed response, prior sensitisation, can be on areas not exposed to allergen

ICD - non-HS reaction, direction irritation of skin by substance, causing inflammation on exposed skin, comes within 48 hours. associated with atopy

68
Q

common causes of irritant contact dermatitis?

A

soaps
detergent
hair dyes
paints and oils

69
Q

what organism is associated with seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

mellasezia

70
Q

describe discoid dermatitis

A

round erythematous lesions with raised edges, usually symmetrical, can become plaques. itchy.

71
Q

what to exclude when suspecting discoid dermatitis

A

tinea

72
Q

what causes pigmentation of varcose dermatitis?

A

haemosiderin deposits

73
Q

symptoms of varicose eczema

A

itching, pain, swelling, redness, usually dry, pigmented - dark brown

74
Q

common area for varicose eczema

A

around ankles and up the calf

75
Q

when is patch testing done?

A

to find the cause of allergic contact dermatitis

76
Q

how long is the patch left on for in patch testing?

A

48 hours

77
Q

when is skin prick testing done?

A

to find the cause of an allergy

78
Q

features of erythema nodosum

A

red, tender nodules, poorly defined borders, 2-6cm diameter. nodules first appear tense, hard and painful before coming fluctuant.

79
Q

prodrome of erythema nodosum

A

fever, aching and joint pains

80
Q

common area for erythema nodosum

A

front of legs, shins

81
Q

arthralgia is uncommon in erythema nodosum - T or F

A

F, it is common, usually red, swollen, tender with morning stiffness.

82
Q

common cause of erythema nodosum

A

underlying infection

83
Q

what skin condition can be associated with gastroenteritis

A

erythema nodosum

84
Q

what bacterial infection is most common underlying cause of erythema nodosum?

A

streptococcal

85
Q

management for erythema nodosum

A

self-limiting, supportive

86
Q

a 38 year old woman presents with itchy, erythematous lesions on her hands and feet. they are red and round with a pale center. she reports having recently recovered from pneumonia. what is the diagnosis of the skin lesions?

A

erythema multiforme

87
Q

what skin condition is classically described as a target lesion

A

erythema multiforme

3 FoCP (11 decks)

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