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Registered Sanitarian > Extra Information > Flashcards

Extra Information Flashcards

1
Q

What are aflatoxins?

A

Carcinogens produced by molds growing on grains and nuts

Exposure: directly from grains, or eating animal proteins that have eaten the fungus
Main fungi: Aspergillus flavus (ear rot)
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsions

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2
Q

What foods contain aflatoxins?

A

Peanuts, rice, wheat

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3
Q

The largest number of rabies cases in the USA are associated with

A

Bats

Texas: skunks

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4
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is spread by

A

Infected ticks (vectorborne disease)

Bacteria: Rickettsia rickettsii

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5
Q

What rock is formed by cooling lava?

A

Igneous

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6
Q

How often should garbage be collected in warm months?

A

Twice a week

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7
Q

What is the hierarchy of waste management?

A

Prevention, source reduction, recycling, treatment, disposal

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8
Q

What type of bacteria requires oxygen?

A

Aerobic

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9
Q

What is an example of secondary water treatment?

A

Activated sludge and trickling filters

Using microorganisms to remove contaminants from water. Removes 85% of organic matter in sewage.

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10
Q

A county landfill should provide enough areas for ? years of operation?

A

20-40 years

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11
Q

Hazardous waste is regulated by

A

EPA under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of hazardous waste?

A

Ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity

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13
Q

What can high fluoride levels cause?

A

Bone disease called skeletal fluorosis

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14
Q

What rodent carries the hantavirus?

A

Deer Mouse, White Footed Mouse, Rice Rat, Cotton Rat

Become infected by breathing in dust from feces, touching feces, and getting bit by rodents

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15
Q

What causes scabies?

A

Mites-transmitted from person to person skin contact

The Human Itch Mite will burrow into skin and lay eggs

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16
Q

Where do non-social infections occur?

A

Health care settings

17
Q

What does radon release?

A

Radiation is released in the form of alpha particles

18
Q

How many biosafety levels are there?

A

Four-BSL1, BSL2, BSL3, BSL4

Examples: BSL1- E. coli, BSL2-Staph, BSL3-Tuberculosis, BSL4- Ebola

19
Q

What is the recommended distance from the bottom of the trench fields to the water table?

A

2 feet

High water table can flood the tank. Do not pump out more than half the volume, the tank will be too light and can float in water

20
Q

Is household hazardous waste regulated?

A

No

21
Q

What is the most frequent cause of bacterial diarrhea?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

22
Q

How does Salmonella contamination occur in eggs?

A

2 ways-

1) Fecal contamination-Salmonella is found in the gut of chickens, and insides of the egg become contaminated when bacteria enters through pores/cracks of shells
2) Salmonella Enteritidis- bacteria is found in ovaries of hens and eggs become contaminated before shells are formed

23
Q

What fish causes scombroid fish poisoning?

A

Fish is scombridae family (mackerel, tuna).

Scombroid-resembles an allergic reaction…when fish are contaminated with high levels of histamine

24
Q

What fish causes ciguatera fish poisoning?

A

Barracuda, black grouper, snappers

Ciguatera-toxins from algae Gambierdiscus toxicus

25
Q

Quaternary concentration?

A

According to manufacturer’s recommendations

Usually 200-400 ppm

26
Q

Chlorine concentration?

A

50-100 ppm

27
Q

What is soil porosity?

A

Total soil volume that is taken up by pore space-pore spaces facilitate availability and movement of air or water within soil

28
Q

What fish are associated with mercury poisoning?

A

Predatory fish-shark, ahi tuna, swordfish

29
Q

How long do you have to test a water sample?

A

6-12 hours

30
Q

What is a wellhead?

A

The top of the water well, holds a cap that keeps debris out of the well

31
Q

Nitrate levels above ? cause methemogloblinemia in infants

A

10-mg/L nitrate-nitrogen

Methemoglobinemia-when red blood cells contain methemoglobin at levels higher than 1%. This results in decreased availability of oxygen to the tissues.

32
Q

What % of the population relies on ground water for drinking purposes?

A

50%

33
Q

What is the recommended test for checking chlorine levels in water?

A

DpD Indicator Test

34
Q

What is removed from water during coagulation?

A

Suspended solids and natural organic matter (gravel, sand, etc.)

Registered Sanitarian (16 decks)

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