Extra Information Flashcards
What are aflatoxins?
Carcinogens produced by molds growing on grains and nuts
Exposure: directly from grains, or eating animal proteins that have eaten the fungus
Main fungi: Aspergillus flavus (ear rot)
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsions
What foods contain aflatoxins?
Peanuts, rice, wheat
The largest number of rabies cases in the USA are associated with
Bats
Texas: skunks
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is spread by
Infected ticks (vectorborne disease)
Bacteria: Rickettsia rickettsii
What rock is formed by cooling lava?
Igneous
How often should garbage be collected in warm months?
Twice a week
What is the hierarchy of waste management?
Prevention, source reduction, recycling, treatment, disposal
What type of bacteria requires oxygen?
Aerobic
What is an example of secondary water treatment?
Activated sludge and trickling filters
Using microorganisms to remove contaminants from water. Removes 85% of organic matter in sewage.
A county landfill should provide enough areas for ? years of operation?
20-40 years
Hazardous waste is regulated by
EPA under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
What are the characteristics of hazardous waste?
Ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity
What can high fluoride levels cause?
Bone disease called skeletal fluorosis
What rodent carries the hantavirus?
Deer Mouse, White Footed Mouse, Rice Rat, Cotton Rat
Become infected by breathing in dust from feces, touching feces, and getting bit by rodents
What causes scabies?
Mites-transmitted from person to person skin contact
The Human Itch Mite will burrow into skin and lay eggs
Where do non-social infections occur?
Health care settings
What does radon release?
Radiation is released in the form of alpha particles
How many biosafety levels are there?
Four-BSL1, BSL2, BSL3, BSL4
Examples: BSL1- E. coli, BSL2-Staph, BSL3-Tuberculosis, BSL4- Ebola
What is the recommended distance from the bottom of the trench fields to the water table?
2 feet
High water table can flood the tank. Do not pump out more than half the volume, the tank will be too light and can float in water
Is household hazardous waste regulated?
No
What is the most frequent cause of bacterial diarrhea?
Campylobacter jejuni
How does Salmonella contamination occur in eggs?
2 ways-
1) Fecal contamination-Salmonella is found in the gut of chickens, and insides of the egg become contaminated when bacteria enters through pores/cracks of shells
2) Salmonella Enteritidis- bacteria is found in ovaries of hens and eggs become contaminated before shells are formed
What fish causes scombroid fish poisoning?
Fish is scombridae family (mackerel, tuna).
Scombroid-resembles an allergic reaction…when fish are contaminated with high levels of histamine
What fish causes ciguatera fish poisoning?
Barracuda, black grouper, snappers
Ciguatera-toxins from algae Gambierdiscus toxicus
