External Factors leading to Ethnic differences in Achievement - Theorists Flashcards
Bereiter and Engelmann - What do they say about language spoken by low income black American families ?
Bereiter and Engelmann consider language spoken by low income black American Families as inadequate for educational success. They see it as ungrammatical , disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
Gillborn and Mirza - Who do well despite not having English as their first home language ?
Gillborn and Mirza found that Indian pupils do very well in their GCSE’S despite often not having English as their home language
Moynihan - what does she say leads black pupils to underachieve ?
Moynihan argues that because many black families are headed by a lone mother , their children are deprived of adequate care because she has to struggle financially in the absence of the male bread winner. the fathers absence also means that boys lack an adequate role model of male achievement
New right - Murray - What does he say leads to the underachievement of some minorities ?
Murray argues that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models leads to the underachievement of some minorities
Pryce - How does family structure contribute to Caribbean underachievement and Asian pupils success
Pryce sees family structure as contributing to the underachievement of black Caribbean pupils in Britain. In comparison to Asian pupils who are high achievers because are more resistant to racism and gives them a greater sense of self worth by contrast Caribbean are less resistant to racism so have low self esteem and under achieve
Sewell - What does he argue leads black boys to underachieve and what are black boys more likely to experience ?
Sewell argues that it is not the absence of father role models that leads black boys to underachieve but the problem is the lack of tough love which results in black boys finding it hard to overcome the emotional and behavioural difficulties in adolescence . many black boys are thus subject to powerful anti educational peer group pressure
Gillborn - Criticism that failure of black boys isn’t due to peer pressure but ?
Gillborn argues that it is not peer pressure but institutional racism within the education system that produces failure for a large number of black boys
Lupton - How is Asian adults authority similar to school policies and how does this help ?
Lupton argues adult authority in Asian Families is similar to the model that operates in schools. She found that respectful behaviour towards adults was expected from children . This had a knock on effect in school , since parents were more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies
McCulloh - who did she find were more likely to go to university ?
McCulloch found that ethnic minority pupils are more likely to aspire to go to university than white British Pupils.
This low level of aspiration and achievement may be the result of lack of parental support.
Lupton - what did she research and find about parental support ?
Lupton studied 4 mainly working class schools ,2 white , one largely Pakistani and one drawing pupils from an ethnically mixed community. she found that teachers reported lower levels of behaviour and discipline in the white working class schools - despite the fact they had fewer children on free school meals . Teachers blamed this on lower levels of parental support and the negative attitude that white working class parents had towards education
How does Driver criticize the cultural deprivation theory ?
Driver criticizes the cultural deprivation theory for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He shows that the black Caribbean family are far from dysfunctional and provides girls with positive role models of strong independent women. Driver argues that this is why black girls tend to be more successful in education than black boys
How does Lawrence challenge Pryce’s view and criticize cultural deprivation ?
Lawrence challenges Pryce’s View that Black pupils fail because their culture is weak and they lack self esteem and argues that black pupils under achieve not because of low self esteem but because of racism
How does Keddie Criticize the cultural deprivation Theory ?
Keddie sees cultural deprivation as a victim blaming explanation and she argues that ethnic minority children are culturally different not deprived and they underachieve because schools are ethnocentric - biased in favor of white culture and against minorities.
What explanations does Palmer give for why ethnic minorities are more likely to face material deprivation ?
Palmer argues ethnic minorities are more likely to face material deprivation problems because ;
-Almost half of all ethnic minority children live in a low income household , as against a quarter of all white children.
-Ethnic minorities are twice as likely to be unemployed compared to whites
-Ethnic minority households are around 3 times as likely to be homeless.
How did Modood find that the influence of ethnicity doesn’t completely override the influence of social class and material deprivation ?
Modood found that while children from low income families generally did worse , the effects of low income were much less for ethnic groups compared to other groups.
