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History > Extent of Nazi Support > Flashcards

Extent of Nazi Support Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

A

January, 1933

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2
Q

Why did Hitler call another election after becoming Chancellor?

A

To gain more power

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3
Q

How many in the government were Nazis (including Hitler) and what did he ensure they were in charge of?

A

3/12
One in charge of security, other in police

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4
Q

What happened leading up to the March election?

A

Violence increased among brownshirts - 70 people died a week before the election

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5
Q

What happened the eve of the March election?

A

Reichstag burnt down

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6
Q

Who did they arrest and later execute for the Reichstag fire?

A

Marinus van der Lubbe - A Dutch communist with a low IQ and history for arson

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7
Q

Due to Marinus van der Lubbe’s arrest, a Communist, what did Hitler use to his advantage?

A

Hitler saw it as an opportunity to accuse the Communist Party of a conspiracy against the government.

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8
Q

What did Hitler’s Communist conspiracy lead to?

A

Arrest of 4000 Communists

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9
Q

What did Hitler claim after the Reichstag fire?

A

Germany was under attack, and that they needed special laws to protect the country

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10
Q

What were the laws put in place called after the Reichstag fire?

A

Emergency Laws - these overpowered rights granted in the Weimar Constitution ‘temporarily’

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11
Q

What happened after the Emergency Laws were announced? List 3 things.

A
  • Thousands of communists/Nazi opponents were sent to first concentration camps
    -Opposition offices and newspapers shut down
  • SA murdered dozens without police action
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12
Q

What were the results at the March Election?

A

Nazis still didn’t get enough votes to make Hitler dictator

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13
Q

What was the Enabling Act and when did this happen?

A
  • This law made him do anything he wanted without consequences
  • After losing again, he went to other Nationalists in Reichstag to make him dictator ‘temporarily’
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14
Q

Why did Hitler propose the Enabling Act?

A

To destroy the Reichstag so he could have full power

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15
Q

When was the Enabling Act?

A

1933

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16
Q

When the Enabling Act got approved, what did Hitler do? List 3 things.

A
  • Shut down trade unions
  • Banned all political parties (except Nazis)
  • Planted Nazis all over Germany despite not being elected anywhere
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17
Q

What was now impossible in Nazi Germany?

A

Open opposition

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18
Q

Who secretly accused Hitler of ‘selling out’? And what did he mean by this? List 2 things

A
  • Ernst Rohms
  • Hitler went back on promises (eg. he promised to share profit of big businesses were dropped after befriending them)
  • Chaos caused by brownshirt violence challenged Hitler’s promise of restoring law and order
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19
Q

What did Rohm want from Hitler?

A

Rohm demanded Hitler to merge the army and SA, and to be put in charge of both.
This would give Rohm huge power, and challenge Hitler’s control of events

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20
Q

What happened on June 30th, 1934?

A

Rohm arrested and executed along with 400+ brownshirts

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21
Q

With the killing of so many brownshirts, how did the public react?

A

Many were pleased with the chaos the brownshirts caused were gone, and the army gained more confidence

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22
Q

Who died in August 1934?

A

President Hindenburg

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23
Q

After the death of Hindenburg, what did Hitler do?

A

Make himself President/Fuhrer

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24
Q

What did the army have to do for Hitler?

A

Swear an oath

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25
Q

Who led the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

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26
Q

When did the SS become more significant?

A

After the Night of Long Knives, they became a crucial of the police force. Before, they were Hitler’s bodyguards

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27
Q

What colour were the SS uniforms?

A

Black

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28
Q

What did the SS need to be to qualify?

A

‘Perfect Aryans’
They had to marry pure wives, and even if they had a chipped tooth they couldn’t be member of the SS

29
Q

What were the SS’s job?

A

To run the concentration camps and remove any opposition of the Nazis

30
Q

When were the SS set up?

A

1925

31
Q

What did the Gestapo do? List 3 things.

A
  • They were secret police, so they identified opponents of the Nazis and removed them.
  • They could arrest anyone they suspected and spy on them.
  • They also tortured to gain confessions
32
Q

Who ran the Gestapo?

A

Hermann Goering

33
Q

What was the SD? Who was involved?

A

-Security services
- Many were professionals eg lawyers and professers

34
Q

What did the SD do?

A

Wear uniform and spied on Nazi opponents abroad and at home

35
Q

What happened to judges who disageed with Hitler?

A

They were removed

36
Q

What happened to judges who agreed with Hitler?

A

Wear a swatstika and join a Nazi organisation for judges

37
Q

What court was created run only by the most loyal Nazi judges?

A

The People’s Court

38
Q

How fair was The People’s Court?

A

Fair trials were impossible - they dealt with treason cases and gave out harsh punishments even for smallest evidence

39
Q

What was a huge problem for the Nazis after Hitler became President/Fuhrer?

A

The Christian Church

40
Q

Was Germany religious?

A

Very - most Germans were Catholic or Protestant

41
Q

What did Hitler decide to do about the churches?

A

Change them - he couldn’t shut them down

42
Q

What did Hitler do for the Protestants?

A

Open the Reich Church in 1933 to support Nazi ideas

43
Q

How many Protestants refused to join the Reich Church? And what did they do instead?

A
  • 75%
  • Set up their own Confessional Church in 1934
44
Q

Who led the Confessional Church?

A

Martin Niemollar

45
Q

Was Niemollar always against the Nazis?

A

No - he supported them 1924 - 1933 because he believed Weimar Republic needed a strong leader. When the Nazis interfered with the Church, he began to oppose them.

46
Q

What happened to the Confessional Church?

A

Got persecuted for challenging Nazi ideas

47
Q

What did Hitler do to the Catholic church?

A

Hitler made a deal with the Pope in 1933 - The Concordat stated that Catholics would be allowed to maintain their religious freedoms in return for not discussing politics

48
Q

What did Hitler do to the deal he made with the Pope?

A

Broke it quickly:
- He shut down church schools and youth clubs
- Arrested many priests and sent them to concentration camps

49
Q

Who was the Ministry of Propaganda?

A

Joseph Goebbels

50
Q

What did the Ministry of Propaganda do?

A

Control all the media that was sent out to influence the thoughts, beliefs and opinions of German society

51
Q

What did the Nazis control? List at least 9.

A

Films, literature, posters, music, art, newspapers, rallies, radio, Berlin Olympics (1936)

52
Q

How did the Nazis control films?

A
  • Every film had to approved by Goebbels to ensure it sent out Nazi messages
53
Q

How did the Nazis control literature?

A

Non-German books were burnt

54
Q

How did the Nazis control music?

A
  • Banned African-American jazz
  • German classical was promoted (Beethoven, Wagner, etc)
55
Q

How did the Nazis control posters?

A
  • Clear messages were sent out
  • Particularly aimed at the youth
56
Q

How did the Nazis control art?

A
  • Only strong and empowering images of Germany were allowed
  • Hitler was keen to have large new buildings in the Greek and Roman styles, showing heroic strength
57
Q

How did the Nazis control newspapers?

A
  • Non-Nazi newspapers forced to shut down
  • Editors had to check their stories were acceptable for the Nazis
58
Q

How did the Nazis control rallies?

A
  • Huge rallies recorded for all of Germany to watch
  • These spread ideas of power and control, which impressed the Germans after the chaos of WW1
59
Q

How did the Nazis control the radio?

A
  • Cheap radios were produced to hear Hitler’s speeches
  • Cafes turned up radios when they were on
  • Loudspeakers were put in the streets on lampposts
60
Q

How did the Nazis control the 1936 Berlin Olympics?

A
  • Used to promote Germany as well-organized
  • For few weeks, persecution stopped
  • Games were a PR success despite the embarrassing achievements of black US athlete Jesse Owens
  • Hitler refused to give medals to black athletes
61
Q

What percentage of votes did Hitler get in the 1932 (highly rigged) election?

A

44%

62
Q

How many went to concentration camps in 1932 and what did this mean despite all the propaganda?

A
  • Over 1 million
  • A lot of opposition remained
63
Q

How did most Germans from 1933-39 feel about Nazi rule?

A

Very happy - to them, he had restored German pride, sorted out the economy, created jobs and Germans were generally wealthier

64
Q

Who were the Swing Youth? And what did they do to oppose Nazi ideas?

A

Delinquents to the Nazis
- Listened to American-Jazz, wore American clothes, drank alcohol, watched US films, and organized illegal dances

65
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates? And what did they do to oppose Nazi ideas?

A

Founded in late 1930’s as pressure for joining Hitler youth increased, they were working class boys who went camping, wrote anti-Nazi graffiti, and taunted Hitler Youth members

66
Q

Up to 1939, who were put into concentration camps?

A

Politics that weren’t Nazis, prostitutes, homosexuals and minority groups (eg Jews)

67
Q

When was the first concentration camp built?

A

1933

68
Q

Where were concentration camps built?

A

In isolated areas so no one could see what was going on

History (13 decks)

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