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History > Cold War Crises (pg. 11-19) > Flashcards

Cold War Crises (pg. 11-19) Flashcards

1
Q

How many Germans crossed into West Berlin from 1949-61?

A

2.7 million

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2
Q

What year was Krushchev’s Berlin Ultimatum and what did it say?

A

1958, all Berlin was East Germanys

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3
Q

Why did so many East Germans go to West Berlin?

A

Better jobs/wages, oppurtunities

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4
Q

What 4 meetings happened to put forward the Berlin Ultimatum?

A
  • Geneva (1959) - No outcome
  • Camp David (1959) - No outcome
  • Paris Summit (1960) - Krushchev storms out learning Soviets shot down US spy plane
  • Vienna (1961) - Reissued Ultimatum, saw Kennedy inexperience as weakness
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5
Q

What did Krushchev end up doing to solve the Berlin problem? Why?

A
  • Build Berlin Wall 1961
    USA prepared for nuclear war after summit meetings failed - USSR couldn’t afford war and needed to sort out refugee problem
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6
Q

What did the Berlin wall make Kruschev appear?

A

Strong for not starting war
Anyone who tried crossing wall shot

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7
Q

What happened in Cuba 1959? Why was this a dilemma for USA?

A
  • Socialist revolution - US-Cuban relations fell after Covan-Soviet trade links increased
  • Cuba is very close to USA, a Communist threat that close was dangerous
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8
Q

What did the CIA tell Kennedy for the US backed Cuban invasion?

A
  • Castro’s unpopular and weak
  • Invasion will look like Cuban revolt (disguised old US spy planes as Cuban + trained Cuban exiles)
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9
Q

What ended up being the reality for the Bay of Pigs?

A
  • Castro was more popular than old leader who was corrupt
  • Castro knew about invasion - had 20,000 troops against 1400 US troops
  • US planes published propaganda - world knew US backed invasion
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10
Q

What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs?

A
  • Castro announced communist
  • US-Cuban relationship off the table
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11
Q

What happened in 1962?

A
  • US spy planes found missiles on Cuba
  • ‘Hawks’ wanted to attack, ‘doves’ wanted to avoid nuclear war
  • Kennedy didn’t attack, start of detente
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12
Q

Give 2 things from detente.

A
  • Hotline Agreement
  • 1963 - Limited Test Ban Treaty - Ban of nuclear weapon testing except for underground
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13
Q

What happened in 1968?

A

Prague Spring
- Communism unpopular in Czechoslovakia, Dubcek became leader
- Supported Warsaw Pact, wanted communism to be easier to live under (socialism w/ human face)

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14
Q

What were the reactions to Dubcek’s reforms?

A

-Many happy (students, writers, workers, young)
- Some angry (army, secret police) felt power they held was threatened

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15
Q

Give 3 of Dubcek’s reforms

A
  • Less secret police
  • Censorship relaxed
  • More parties/democratic
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16
Q

Why was Breshnev fearful of the Prague Spring?

A
  • If any other Warsaw Pact countries felt influenced, they would move away from Soviet control
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17
Q

What happened when Breshnev ordered Soviet invasion to Czechoslovakia?

A
  • Arrested Dubcek
  • Husak appointed prime minster, normalisation
18
Q

What was the Breshnev Doctrine?

A

Right for Soviet Union to invade any Warsaw Pact country threatening its security

19
Q

How did the West respond to the invasion of Czechoslovakia?

A
  • Appalled, yet didn’t intervene
  • Communist Western leaders (France/Italy) cut off ties with Soviets
  • USA called it ‘rape of Czechoslovakia’
20
Q

How did the East respond to the invasion of Czechoslovakia?

A
  • Strengthened Soviet control on East
  • Divided Communist world (Romania condemned)
21
Q

When was SALT 1?

A

1972

22
Q

Give 2 things that SALT 1 did

A
  • No further strategic ballistic weapon production
  • No new nuclear missile launchers
23
Q

What were the outcomes of SALT 1?

A
  • Slowed Arms Race
  • Beginning of peak of detente
  • Didn’t cover intermediate weapons both sides deployed
24
Q

What year was Helsinki?

A

1975

25
Q

Give 3 things Helsinki agreed on and which countries signed it

A
  • Trade co-operations
  • Peacefully settled disputes
  • Human rights
  • Signed by USA, Canada, USSR, majority of Europe
26
Q

Give 3 positives from Helsinki

A
  • Highest point of detente
  • Formed freindly US-Soviet relations
  • Joint space mission (Apollo-Soyuz))
27
Q

Give 2 problems from Helsinki

A
  • USSR still used Breshnev Doctrine (breached human rights)
  • USA kept getting involved in other countries
28
Q

What happened in 1979?

A

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

29
Q

Why did the USSR invade Afghanistan?

A
  • In Soviet sphere of influence
  • Taraki killed, replaced Amin, USSR felt its influence threatened
  • Breshenv sends troops to kill Amin, replace with Karmal
  • Mujahideen (Afghan rebels) resisted troops
  • Thought nobody would react
30
Q

Why was USA worried about the Afghan invasion?

A
  • Middle East could have communist influence
  • Iran could be influenced, where USA gets oil
31
Q

What was in the Carter Doctrine?

A
  • Economic sanctions, US will use military force if necessary to defend Persian Gulf
32
Q

Did USA help Mujahideen?

A

Yes, they backed them up, providing assistance along with Saudi Arabia and Pakistan

33
Q

When were the Olympic Boycotts?

A
  • 1980 - USA boycotts Moscow Olympics
  • 1984 - USSR boycotts Los Angeles Olympics
34
Q

When was Reagan elected and why?

A

1981 - had strong anti communist principles, believed it was a mission from God to win the Cold War

35
Q

What did Reagan invent in 1983?

A

SDI - Strategic Defense Initiative
- Satellites in space to destroy Soviet missiles before hitting USA

36
Q

By 1981, what were the differences between USA and USSR?

A

USA
- Recovered economically from Afghan war
- Developing scientifically/ technology
USSR
- Poor living standards
- Aged leaders
- Economy was 20% of USA’s

37
Q

What did Gorbachev want?

A
  • End Afghan war
  • Didn’t want capitalism, stronger socialism
  • Foreign relations to change
  • Never intended to end Soviet Union
38
Q

What was agreed at Reyjavik, 1986?

A
  • Cut down nuclear weapons
  • Gorbachev wanted SDI gone, Reagan dissapproved
39
Q

What was agreed at the INF Treaty, 1987?

A
  • Get rid of all 500-5500km nuclear weapons superpowers had
40
Q

When did the Berlin Wall fall?

A

1989

41
Q

When did the Warsaw Pact end?

A

1991

42
Q

Why did the USSR lose the Cold war?

A
  • Economy - Arms Race, war, all money being equally distributed didn’t grow the economy
  • Freedom - Breshnev Doctrine forced everyone to be suppressed, Berlin Wall, etc

History (13 decks)

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