Elizabeth Flashcards
What year was the religious settlement?
1559
What year was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
1569-70
What year was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
What year was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
What year was the Babington Plot?
1586
What year was Mary’s execution?
1587
What year was the Spanish Armada?
1588
What year was the failure of Roanoke?
1585
Give 2 things Parliament did.
- Approve taxes
- Pass lawsG
Give 2 things Privy Council did.
- Advised Elizabeth
- Monitor others jobs
Give 2 things towns watchmen did.
- Patrol and inform
Give 3 of Elizabeth’s main problems coming to the throne
- Legitimacy
- Religion
- Gender
Who begun the Protestant reformation?
Martin Luther
Why did Martin Luther oppose Catholicism as he knew it?
- Didn’t like how priests took advantage of claiming your going ot heaven unless you pay, wanted the bible to be central authoirty
Give 2 of financial problems Elizabeth had coming to the throne
- Coins devalued in gold and silver
- Crown in debt by £300,000 - needed to pay her followers
How did Elizabeth solve financial problems?
- Sold Crown lands and hoarded money
Give 2 of the Acts in the Religious Settlement
- Act of Supremacy - Elizabeth supreme govener of church of england - all clergy swear oath of allegiance
- Act of Uniformity - Appearance of churches and how run
How many out of 10,000 accepted the Religious Settlement?
8,000
Whats a Puritan?
Radical Protestant who wants to purify church of what isn’t in the Bible
Give 2 things Puritans wanted
- Free church - not ran by monarch, simpler services
- Ban sinful activities - gambling, cock fighting
What was the Counter Reformation?
Containment of Protestantism, 1566
1/3 of Catholics did what in private?
Catholic pratices - Recusant
Why was Mary a threat?
Religion
Legitimacy
Ties to France - Married Francis 2nd - Marries Lord Durnley in Scotland - Murdered mysteriously - Marries Earl of Bothwell - Imprisoned
Who were the main guys in the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Thomas Percy - Earl of Northumberland
Charles Neville - Earl of Westmoreland
Thomas Howard - Duke of Norfolk
What did the Northern Earls want to do?
Turn England Catholic, found it unfair their power was decreasing after years of being important figures
What was the plan of the Northern Earls?
- Howard marries Mary, Dispose Elizabeth
- ‘Mass will be said all over the country’ - Catholic
Robert Dudley finds out, Norfolk arrested
What did Northern Earls reveal?
- Mary and Catholics untrustworthy
What was the Ridolfi Plot?
- Ridolfi - spy for pope and Italian Banker
- Kill Elizabeth - Spanish invade (Phillip prepares 10,000 troops) - Mary queen + marries Duke of Norfolk
- Cecil finds out, Norfolk executed 1572
What was the Throckmorton Plot?
- Make England Catholic again
- Francis Throckmorton passed letter between Mary and plotters + Duke of Guise
- Phillip provided troops and money
- Walsingham found out, arrested, executed Throckmorton
What was the Babington Plot?
- France and Spain Invades England, kill Elizabeth, Mary queen
- Anthony Babington passed letters through beer barrels, Walsingham finds out
- Hung, drawn, quartered
What meant most of these plots?
- Mary untrustworthy
- Catholics untrustworthy
- Spain threat
What was the religious tension with Spain?
- Mary 1st had Catholic ties with Phillip - felt threatened when Elizabeth announced Protestantism
- Dutch who were in Phillips Holy Roman Empire since 1400’s move to England - Duke of Alba hangs 5000
- England secretly supported Dutch
What was the commercial tension with Spain?
- Spain took over Mexico and Peru - provided tobacco and gold
- Francis Drake circumnavigated world - discovered lands
- Francis 2nd wouldn’t allow trade in Americas without license - didn’t give Elizabeth
- Merchants raid Spanish colonies and ships
- Knights Francis Drake
What was the Spanish Armada’s plan?
- Armada sails up English channel - Meet Duke of Palma - Land army in Netherlands - Attack London - Kill Queen - Catholic Queen
- 130 ships, 2431 guns, crescent fomration
What ended up happening for the Armada?
- First sighting July 29th
- Battle of Plymouth - Armada fired with cannons Aug 1st
- Spanish outgunned by England Aug 3rd
- English attack Spanish in Netherlands awaiting supplies - scattered - Aug 8th
Give 3 reasons England won the Armada.
- Poor weather - storms when Armada pulled out to North Sea made 3 quarters of original missing
- Poor leadership - No communication between Duke of Palma or Midona Sidonia + lack of supplies - food rotted + panic
- English actions - Tactics equipment - smaller quicker ships, cannons reload quick
What percentage of ELizabethans could read and write?
15%
What education did the wealthy recieve?
Private tutor - Boys sent to noble families to learn skills
What education did the middle class recieve?
Parish school - Funded by church
What did wealthy do for freetime?
Fishing, fencing, real tennis, reading
What did the poor do for freetime?
Wrestling, football, betting on animal fights
What did both classes so for freetime?
Music, plays
What caused poverty?
Population increased by 50%
40% children claimed poor relief
Prices rose
Why did Francis Drake explore?
New technology + trade
Explain the Francis Drake expedition in 1577
- Golden Hind sets off - storms abandoned other 4 ships - raided Spanish colonies, returned with huge treasure - knighted in 1581 - trade becomes easier, angered Spain
Why did England want Roanoke?
- Easier to invade Spanish colonies
- Could grow sugar and tobacco, make huge profit in trading
Give 3 reasons why Roanoke failed
- Elizabeth prepared for war with Spain - not enough ships to re-supply colonists
-Colonists unprepared -Soldiers lacked skills to live on land with, rich landowners lacked physical strength for manual labour + too late to plant crops - Poor leadership - Gremville sailor - bad temper - alienated a tribe for a missing silver cup -burnt
