Extended knowledge

Question 1

Describe how movement occurs at the knee joint.

Answer 1

• The patella moves the quadriceps tendon further from the axis of rotation.
• This increases the muscles moment arm.
• And so increases the maximum extensor torque possible.
• This saves energy as the muscle can contract with less strength.

Question 2

What act as attachment points for the menisci?

Answer 2

Intercondylar eminence’s.

Question 3

How many Intercondylar eminence’s are there?

Answer 3

4.

Question 4

What is the meniscus?

Answer 4

• A fibrocartiligous strcture found in the fibrorus joint capsule.
• Provides stability during rotations.
• Stabilises the knee joint to prevent it from dislocating.

Question 5

Why might the shape/structure of the meniscus be beneficial?

Answer 5

• Meniscus is fatter on the outside.
• This increases the concavity of the joint which increases rotational stability.

Question 6

What do collateral ligaments do?

Answer 6

Allows the axis of rotation to be in the centre of the knee.

Question 7

What would happen if a collateral ligament were to be torn?

Answer 7

• This would enable abduction.
• The axis of rotation would shift to the side of the knee.

Question 8

What is the terminal locking mechanism?

Answer 8

• Is a small amount of lateral rotation of the leg relative to the femur at the last part of knee extension.
• Caused by the reaction of cruciate ligaments
• As well as the pull of the knee.