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Micro exam 8 > export_ssti bacteria i > Flashcards

export_ssti bacteria i Flashcards

1
Q

Minimum diagnostic criteria for skin/soft tissue infection (SSTI)

A

Erythema
Edema

Warmth

Pain/tenderness

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2
Q

Superficial SSTI

A

Erysipelas

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3
Q

Deeper SSTI (dermis, subQ)

A

Cellulits

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4
Q

Deepest SSTI (muscle, etc.)

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

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5
Q

Impetigo cause

A

S. aureus

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6
Q

Impetigo features

A

Superficial
“Honey crusts”

Most commonly around the mouth

Most common bacterial infection in children

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7
Q

Bullous impetigo features

A

Blisters are cloudy, can rupture

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8
Q

Bullous impetigo virulence

A

Exfoliative toxin of S. aureus

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9
Q

Ecthyma

A

Deeper form of impetigo, scarring and ulceration

Punched-out ulcerative lesions

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10
Q

Furuncle (boil) causative agent

A

S. aureus

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11
Q

Furuncle features

A

Abscess of hair follicle

Large, painful, raised nodules

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12
Q

Carbuncle

A

Multiple furuncles that coalesce

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13
Q

Carbuncle defining feature

A

Chills and fever

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14
Q

Folliculitis

A

Infection of hair follicles

Various bacteria and fungi

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15
Q

Erysipelas

A

Acute skin infection

Involved skin is distinct from uninvolved skin

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16
Q

Erysipelas cause

A

S. pyogenes

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17
Q

Cellulitis

A

Involved skin is NOT differentiated from uninvolved skin

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18
Q

Cellulitis causative agent

A

Many microbes

Often GAS or S. aureus

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19
Q

Paronychia

A

Superficial infection or abscess of nailfolds

Acute or chronic

20
Q

Acute paronychia

A

Acutely painful abscess in nailfold

Most common cause is S. aureus

21
Q

Chronic paronychia

A

Longer than 6 weeks

Often the result of a C. albicans infection

22
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

Destruction of muscle and fat
Toxicity, multiorgan failure, death

Antibiotics and surgical debridement

23
Q

S. aureus features

A

Gram-positive cocci
Catalase positive

Found in skin/mucous membranes

Coagulase positive (unlike other Staph)

Beta-hemolytic

24
Q

Strep. pyogenes features

A

Gram-positive cocci

Catalase negative

25
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa features

A

Gram-negative rod

26
Q

S. aureus virulence factors

A

Capsule
Biofilm

Teichoic acid

Protein A

Cytotoxins

Exfoliative toxins

Enterotoxins

TSST

Extracellular hydrolases

27
Q

S. aureus capsule

A

Anti-phagocytic

28
Q

S. aureus peptidoglycan

A

Endotoxin-like activity

29
Q

S. aureus teichoic acid

A

Adhesion

30
Q

S. aureus protein A

A

Inhibits Ab mediated clearance by binding IgG Fc domain

31
Q

S. aureus alpha cytotoxins

A

Pore-forming toxin

Allows for bacteria to get into cell, as well as resulting in lysis

32
Q

S. aureus exfoliative toxins

A

ETA and ETB

Serine proteases that split interepidermal junctions

33
Q

S. aureus enzymes

A

Hydrolyze host tissue to aid in the spread of the bacteria in the body

34
Q

S. aureus diseases

A 
Toxin mediated (scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning)
Suppurative (impetigo, folliculitis, etc.)
35
Q

S. aureus scalded skin syndome (SSSS) virulence

A

Caused by ETA and ETB

36
Q

Important diagnostic features of SSSS

A

Staph not culturable from skin (toxin mediated)

No leukocytes

37
Q

Treat SSSS

A

Neutralizing Abs result in resolution of toxic process

38
Q

Nikolsky sign

A

Minimal pressure results in skin exfoliation

39
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant S. aureus

40
Q

MRSA virulence factor

A

MecA gene

41
Q

MecA gene

A

Encodes a new penicillin-binding protein on methicillin, etc. which results in a low affinity to the bacteria

42
Q

Treat MRSA

A

Vancomycin

43
Q

Treatment for S. aureus infections

A

Nafcillin

Oxacillin

44
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone pain
Fever

Swelling

Malaise

45
Q

Osteomyelitis cause

A

Almost always by a bacterial infection

46
Q

Septic arthritis features

A

Painful, erythematous joint with purulent material

Usually in large joints

47
Q

Most common causes of septic arthritis

A

S. aureus in children

N. gonorrhoeae in sexually active persons

Micro exam 8 (10 decks)

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